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. 2019 May 16;6:34. doi: 10.3389/fmolb.2019.00034

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Copyright © 2019 Wendler and Enenkel.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The transport cycles of importins and exportins in yeast. (A) Import of cNLS (red) containing cargos is mediated by importin αβ. (B) Importin α recognizes and binds the cNLS of the cargo as well as importin β. After transport through the NPC (C) the GTP bound GTPase Ran binds to importin β and dissociates the import complex (D). (E) The export of NES (green) containing cargo from the nucleus is mediated by exportin. In the presence of GTP bound Ran, exportin binds Ran and the cargo (F) and transports the complex across the NPC into the cytoplasm (G). Hydrolysis of GTP to GDP is stimulated by Ran binding protein 1 and Ran GTPase activating protein 1 in the cytoplasm. Conformational rearrangements in RanGDP lead to the dissociation of the exportin/RanGDP/cargo complex (H).