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. 2019 May 16;9:164. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00164

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Copyright © 2019 Zhang, Zhang, Du, Zhou, Kong, Lau, Chen, Kohli, Yang, Wang and Liang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Cysteine residues in Vfr involved in signal transmission of glutathione. All P. aeruginosa strains carrying exoS-lux plasmids was grown under T3SS-inducing conditions (5 mM EGTA, 20 mM MgCl₂) with or without 10 mM GSH. (A) Effect of cysteine-to-alanine mutation at positions 20, 38, 97, 156, and 183 of recombinant Vfr on the expression of exoS. (B) Secretion of ExoS in the indicated strains. **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 compared to PAO1 by Student's t-test. (C) Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy analysis of the secondary structure of Vfr and the Vfr (C/A)₅.