Trial Country	Treatment regimen	Randomized	TF	Data to derive TF	Definitions of outcomes used in studies
	P. vivax
Dunne 2005a India	Azithromycin 1 g/day for 3 days Primaquine from day 7 to 20	98	12/97	85/97 parasitological success (clinical response 86/97)	No systematic evaluation of outcome. Parasitological failure defined as RI (recrudescence after clearance), RII (reduction in parasitaemia by > 75% of baseline without clearance, RIII (failure to reduce parasitaemia to < 25% of baseline) but no clear clinical consequence to parasitological failure (eg RII failure at day 7).  “Patients who the investigator felt were not responding to therapy were given alternative therapies at their discretion.” Clinical response: Resolution of fever, without relapse at day 28.
	Chloroquine 0.6 g on day 0 to 1, 0.3 g on day 2 Primaquine from day 7 to 20	102	1/102	101 parasitological success (clinical response 101/102)
Pukrittayakamee 2001 Thailand	Azithromycin 0.5 g/day for 3 days	20	10/18	P. vivax cure: 8/18 Note: P. falciparum 6/18	Treatment failure: persistence of fever and parasitaemia for > 7 days or persistence of parasitaemia in the absence of fever for > 2 weeks. Reappearance of infection after clearance within 28 days.
	Tetracycline 250 mg 4x/day for 7 days	27	4/18	P. vivax cure: 14/18
	Doxycycline 200 mg/day for 7 days	25	8/18	P. vivax cure: 10/18
	Clindamycin 300 mg 4x/day for 7 days	20	5/12	P. vivax cure: 7/12
	P. falciparum
Dunne 2005b India	Azithromycin 1 g/day for 3 days	16	9/14	9 had RI (3), RII (3) or RIII (3) failures (5/15 clinical cure)	No systematic evaluation of outcome. Treatment failure defined in terms of RI (recrudescence after clearance of parasitaemia), RII (reduction in parasitaemia to < 25% of baseline levels without clearance), and RIII (failure to reduce parasitaemia to < 25% of baseline levels), but time of evaluation and clinical consequences for type of resistance level not reported. Clinical response not defined (but one of the main outcomes). Term 'Eradication' used in table, not defined.  “Any participant who, in the opinion of the investigator, had not sufficiently improved received additional antimalarial therapy.”
	Chloroquine 0.6 g on day 0 to 1, 0.3 g on day 2	16	11/15	11 had RI (9), RII (1) or RIII (1) failures (clinical cure 4/15)
	Azithromycin 1 g/day for 3 days, Chloroquine 0.6 g on day 0 to 1, 0.3 g on day 2	64	2/63	2 had RII (1) or RIII (1) failures (clinical cure 61/63)
Krudsood 2000 Thailand	Azithromycin 0.5 g/day, Artesunate 200 mg/day for 3 days	67	24/55	24 RI response, 31 cure	28‐day cure rate used. Sensitive: no reappearance of asexual forms of P. falciparum within 28 day follow‐up. Resistance: Resistance at level I (reappearance after day 7), II (parasitaemia at day 7), and III (failure to reduce parasitaemia by > 75% of initial count or clinical deterioration after 48 hours).
	Artesunate 200 mg/day for 3 days and mefloquine 10 mg/kg on day 0 to 1, 5 mg/kg on day 2	67	1/55	1 RI response, 54 cure
	Artesunate 200 mg/day for 3 days	68	34/61	34 RI response, 27 cure
Miller 2006 Thailand	Azithromycin 0.5 g 2x/day and quinine 10 mg/kg 3x/day for 3 days	10	1/10	1 R1 response, 9 cure	Cure: clearance of P. falciparum parasitaemia without recrudescence of malaria in a 28‐day period.
	Azithromycin 0.5 g 2x/day and quinine 10 mg/kg 3x/day for 5 days	20	0/20	All cure
	Azithromycin 0.5 g 3x/day and quinine 10 mg/kg 3x/day for 3 days	20	0/20	All cure. Note: this arm was not randomized
	Doxycycline 100 mg 2x/day for 7 days and quinine 10 mg/kg 3x/day for 7 days	10	0/10	All cure
Na‐Bangchang 1996 Thailand	Azithromycin 0.5 g at start, 0.25 g at 24 and 48 hours, and artemether 300 mg at start	30	23/27	4/27 were sensitive, 23 RI response	Rate of treatment failure (RI‐RIII, WHO 1973).
	Doxycycline 100 mg 2x/day for 5 days and artemether 300 mg at start and 100 mg after 12 hrs	30	14/30	16/30 sensitive, 14 RI response
Noedl 2006 Thailand	Azithromycin 0.75 g 2x/day and artesunate 100 mg 2x/day for 3 days	27	2/25	23/25 cure. 2 RI	28 day cure. Treatment failure divided in RI: clearance of asexual parasites within 7 days after start treatment, followed by recrudescence; RII: decrease in parasite count < 25% of baseline value within 48 hours but failure to clear parasites by day 7; RIII: failure of the parasite count to decrease to < 25% of the baseline value within 48 hours (WHO 1973).
	Azithromycin 1 g/day and artesunate 200 mg/day for 3 days	27	3/27	24/27 cure, 3 RI
	Azithromycin 0.75 g 2x/day and quinine 10 mg/kg 2x/day for 3 days	16	4/15	11/15 cure, 1 RI and 3 RIII
	Azithromycin 0.5 g 3x/day and quinine 10 mg/kg 3x/day for 3 days	27	2/25	23/25 cure, 2 RI
Pfizer 74841 India	Azithromycin 1 g/day and chloroquine 600 mg/day for 3 days	83	12/73	61 eradicated	Outcome: Asexual parasite clearance rate at day 28. No further definition given. Term 'eradication' used in table, not defined.
	Azithromycin 0.5 g/day and chloroquine 0.6 g/day for 3 days	67	20/59	39 eradicated
	Sulfadoxine‐pyrimethamine 1500mg/75 mg at start, chloroquine 0.6 g on day 0 to 1, 0.3 g on day 2	79	4/72	68 eradicated
Pfizer 82563 Kenya	Azithromycin 1 g/day and chloroquine 0.6 g/day for 3 days	7	1/5	1 RIII failure which cleared by day 7 (Eradication: 5/5)	Eradication: Clearance of asexual parasitaemia within 7 days of initiation of treatment, without subsequent recurrence through day 28. Failure: RI: clearance of asexual parasitaemia before day 7, followed by recurrence on or after day 7. RII: marked reduction (< 25% of baseline) of asexual parasitaemia but no clearance prior to and up to day 7. RIII: no marked reduction ( > 25% of baseline) of parasitaemia within 48 hours. If a subject remained parasitaemic on day 7, curative treatment was provided. Terms of eradication and failure not mutually exclusive for RIII resistance: we used failure (RI‐RIII) for consistency with other studies.
	Chloroquine 0.6 g/day for 3 days	7	2/7	1 RIII failure which cleared by day 7, and one RI failure (the other RI failure mentioned was the untreated RIII failure) (Eradication: 5/7) PCR adjusted: 1/7
Pfizer 82576 Ghana, Kenya, Mali, Uganda, Zambia	Azithromycin 1 g/day and chloroquine 0.6 g/day for 3 days	114	5/103	5 late treatment failures (4.85%) PCR adjusted: 2/103	Primary outcome table presumably PCR‐adjusted; data for PCR‐unadjusted results on day 28 not clearly presented. Percent early and late treatment failure used (assuming the investigators follow WHO 2003) but this may not be reliable because the trial ended at day 42. Two RIII failures in 1 g azithromycin/chloroquine arm reported, but not labelled as early treatment failures.
	Azithromycin 0.5 g/day and chloroquine 0.6 g/day for 3 days	9		NR
	Mefloquine 750 mg at start, 500 mg after 6 hours	115	2/103	1 early treatment failure and 1 late treatment failure (1.94%) PCR adjusted: 1/103
Pfizer 84227 Columbia/Surinam	Azithromycin 1 g/day and chloroquine 0.6 g/day for 3 days	114	48/112	64 eradicated  PCR partially adjusted: 68/112 (35 analysed)	Primary endpoint asexual parasite clearance rate at day 28, not further defined. “Treatment when persistent or recurrent parasitaemia”, but time point of evaluation for treatment not defined. Used 'eradicated': asexual parasite clearance rate on day 28 among evaluable subjects.
	Azithromycin 0.5 g/day and chloroquine 0.6 g/day for 3 days	14	NR
	Atovaquone 1000 mg/day and proguanil 400 mg/day for 3 days	116	1/113	112 eradicated PCR adjusted: 113/113
Pfizer 84240 Indonesia	Azithromycin 1 g/day and chloroquine 0.6 g/day for 3 days	13	9/13	4 eradicated PCR partially adjusted 4/13 eradicated (5 analysed)	Eradication: Clearance of asexual Pf parasitaemia within 7 days of initiation of treatment, without subsequent recurrence through day 28. Failure: failure to achieve clearance of Pf asexual parasitaemia within 7 days of initiation of treatment or subsequent recurrence through day 28 after achieving clearance. Subjects with persistent or recurrent parasitaemia during the follow up period were treated with antimalarial drugs and were withdrawn from further participation in the study.
	Azithromycin 0.5 g/day and chloroquine 0.6 g/day for 3 days	7	NR
	Sulfadoxine‐Pyrimethamine 1500mg/75 mg at start, chloroquine 0.6 g on day 0 to 1, 0.3 g on day 2	12	3/10	7 eradicated PCR adjusted: 8/10
Pfizer 367653 Burkina Faso, Ghana, Kenya, Mali, Senegal, Zambia	Azithromycin 1 g/day and chloroquine 0.6 g/day for 3 days	113	1/107	As per correspondence with Pfizer PCR adjusted: 0/107	Eradicated: clearance of asexual P. falciparum parasitaemia within 7 days of initiation of treatment, without subsequent recrudescence through day 28. Failure: Failure to achieve clearance of asexual P. falciparum parasitaemia within 7 days of initiation of treatment or subsequent recrudescence through day 28 after achieving initial clearance.
	Mefloquine 750 mg at start, 500 mg after 6 to 10 hours	116	1/111	As per correspondence with Pfizer PCR adjusted: 1/111
Sykes 2009 Tanzania	Azithromycine 20 mg/kg/day and artesunate 4 mg/kg/day for 3 days	129	69/119	Day 28 partially PCR‐adjusted: 40/119 (6 not tested) Day 42:TF 76/115, partially PCR‐adjusted: 42/115 (5 not tested)	Parasitological failure: the presence of asexual malaria parasites after treatment (after day 3) on or before day 28, irrespective of symptoms.
	Artemether 20 mg and lumefantrine 120 mg 2x/day for < 15 kg and 40 mg/240 mg 2x/day for ≥15 kg for 3 days	132	24/120	Day 28 partially PCR‐adjusted: 12/120 (3 not tested) Day 42: TF 41/119, partially PCR adjusted: 17/119 (4 not tested)
Thriemer 2010 Bangladesh	Azithromycin 1.5 g/day and artesunate 200 mg/day for 3 days. Children < 35 kg: azithromycin 30 mg/kg/day, and artesunate 4 mg/kg/day for 3 days	152	13/142	Day 28: PCR‐adjusted: 8/142 Day 42: TF 22/142, PCR‐adjusted: 8/142	Primary endpoint was cure: adequate clinical and parasitological response as defined by WHO criteria by day 42. Day 28 data kindly provided by the authors.
	Artemether 80 mg and lumefantrine 480 mg 2x/day for 3 days. Children < 35 kg: artemether 4 mg/kg and lumefantrine 24 mg/kg 2x/day for 3 days	76	1/69	Day 28: PCR‐adjusted: 0/69 Day 42: TF 6/69, PCR‐adjusted: 2/69
	Excluded studies
Krudsood 2002 Thailand	Azithromycin 0.5 g/day and dihydroartemisinin 80 mg/day for 3 days	82	20/66	46 cure	28 day cure rate: the proportion of patients who cleared asexual parasitaemia within 7 days of initiation of treatment without subsequent recrudescence within 28 days.
	Mefloquine 10 mg/kg on day 1,2; 5 mg/kg on day 3; dihydroartemisinin 80 mg/day for 3 days	88	68/68	All cure
Pfizer 282919 India/Columbia	Azithromycin 2 g/day and chloroquine 0.6 g/day for 3 days	110	5/107	As per presentation ASTMH December 08, New Orleans PCR‐adjusted: 3/107	Parasitological clearance day 28 (PCR unadjusted), and eradication not defined.