Table 1.

Composition of common sepsis resuscitation fluids

		Crystalloid				Colloid
						Human		Hydroxyethyl starch						Gelatin
	Plasma	0.9% Sodium Chloride	Lactated Ringer’s	Hartmann’s Solution	PlasmaLyte / Normosol-R	4% Albumin	20% Albumin	10% (200/0.5) (Hemohes)	6% (450/0.7) (Hextend)	6% (130/0.4) (Voluven)	6% (130/0.4) (Volulyte)	6% (130/0.42) (Venofundin)	6% (130/0.42) (Tetraspan)	4% Succinylated Gelatin (Gelofusine)	3.5% Urea-Linked Gelatin (Haemaccel)
Sodium	135–145	154	130	131	140	140	48–100	154	143	154	137	154	140	154	145
Potassium	3.5–5.0		4.0	5.4	5.0				3.0		4.0		4.0		5.1
Calcium	2.2–2.6		1.5	1.8					2.5				2.5		6.3
Magnesium	0.8–1.0				1.5				0.5		1.5		1.0
Chloride	94–111	154	109	112	98	128		154	124	154	110	154	118	120	145
Acetate					27						34		24
Lactate	1–2		28	28					28
Malate													5.0
Gluconate					23
Bicarbonate	23–27
Octanoate						6.4	32
Osmolarity	291	308	273	277	294	250	210–260	310	307	308	286	309	296	274	301

All values are given in mmol/L except osmolarity, which is in mOsm/L. Electrolyte concentrations of intravenous fluid preparations may differ by manufacturer: information is given for lactated Ringer’s (Baxter, Deerfield, IL, USA), Hartmann solution (B. Braun Melsungen AG, Melsungen, Germany), Plasma-Lyte 148 (Baxter, Deerfield, IL, USA), Normosol-R (Hospira, Lake Forrest, IL, USA), and Albumex 20 (CSL Behring, King of Prussia, PA, USA). HES solutions are described with regard to their concentration (6%−10%), mean molecular weight (70–480 kDa), and degree of molar substitution (range 0–1; tetrastarch 0.5, hexastarch 0.6).