Morisky 2001

Methods	Randomized controlled trial; parallel group design. Duration: 6 months (1995 through 1998: recruitment and data collection)
Participants	Number enrolled: 794 Number available for analysis: 767 Inclusion criteria: Latent tuberculosis           Exclusion criteria: Active tuberculosis   Method of screening/confirmation: not indicated
Interventions	Peer counselling: Specially trained adolescent peer counsellors who had previously completed treatment for latent tuberculosis, following a standardized protocol, contacted by telephone all participants assigned to them one week after commencement of treatment and at least every two weeks thereafter. The initial contact aimed to establish rapport and explain the role of the peer educator, and stressed the importance of clinic attendance and medication‐taking. Later contacts focused on addressing beliefs, problems or concerns. Parent‐participant contingency contract: With the assistance of program staff, parents and adolescents negotiated an incentive provided by the parent to be received if the adolescent adhered to the prescribed tuberculosis treatment ie keeping appointments with tuberculosis clinic and taking the tuberculosis medication every day. Combined use of peer counselling and incentives: Received both peer counselling and parent‐participant contingency contract interventions. Control (Usual Care): Received all of the treatment and educational services usually provided by the clinic, eg face‐to face health education from tuberculosis staff and assessment and health checks in response to treatment.  All participants received US $15 as reimbursement for their time spent completing the baseline and post‐test interviews. All participants were also interviewed three times during the six months of their treatment.
Outcomes	Treatment adherence measured by treatment completion as reported in the participant's discharge medical summary.
Notes	Location: USA Setting: Two public clinics in Los Angeles, California, both serving large numbers of adolescents receiving care for latent tuberculosis infection Results of contingency contract and combined arms not reported in this review
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	"Participants were randomly assigned to one of four intervention groups". It is unclear how this was done.
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	No information provided.
Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) All outcomes	High risk	It was not possible to blind the participants and personnel. Not stated if assessors were blind.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	At the end of the study (6 months) 96.6% participants were included in the analysis.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	Protocol not available. Results for all the outcomes listed under methods section were reported.
Other bias	Low risk	The study appears to be free of other sources of bias