Kianifar 2009.

Methods	Randomized controlled trial; 1 centre Duration: 18 months, April 2006 to September 2007
Participants	Inclusion criteria: inpatients; infants and children aged 6 to 36 months with acute non‐bloody, non‐bacterial diarrhoea (not defined) of less than 2 days' duration and moderate dehydration Exclusion criteria: severe dehydration, antibiotic consumption, severe vomiting, convulsion, inflammatory cells in stool samples Number completing study: 32/34 (94.1%) probiotic and 30/34 (88.2%) placebo; participants excluded because of poor compliance.
Interventions	Live L. acidophilus 3 x 109 and Bifidobacterium bifidum 3 x 109 /day for 5 days (Infloran; Laboratorio Farmaceutico SIT S.r.I., Mede, Pavia, Italy) in 5–10 mL of water placebo (maltodextran) Start time for administration not stated. All children received IV fluid therapy, oral rehydration solution, and mother’s milk in breast‐feeding infants, or complementary food according to the patient's age.
Outcomes	Duration of diarrhoea Reduction in defecation frequency Weight gain Duration of hospital admission No adverse events attributed to probiotic.
Notes	Study location: Iran (low child and adult mortality) Cause of diarrhoea: non‐bloody, non‐bacterial diarrhoea (not defined) Nutritional status: not stated. Hydration status: all had moderate dehydration; severe dehydration excluded. Source of funding: grant from the Vice Chancellery for Research, Mashad University of Medical Sciences.
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Adequate sequence generation?	Unclear risk	Random number table sequence
Allocation concealment?	Unclear risk	Not described
Blinding? All outcomes	Low risk	placebo sachets matched for size, shape, and volume of contents; physicians, nurses and parents were blinded to the treatment protocol.
Incomplete outcome data addressed? All outcomes	High risk	Follow up < 90% in placebo group