Stubbs 1980.

Methods	Randomised, parallel‐group, open‐label, 2‐armed, active controlled trial. Period of study: not mentioned.
Participants	Number randomised: 13. Eligible were type 1 (IDDM) diabetes mellitus pregnant patients attending King College's Hospital. Inclusion criteria: type 1 DM pregnant women at 30‐31 weeks' gestation. Exclusion criteria: not mentioned.
Interventions	Intervention: 1) glucometer group (n = 7) measured blood glucose at home ‐ 7 times a day, twice weekly (before and after each main meal and before bedtime). Control: non‐meter group (n = 6) ‐ checked urine glucose 4 times daily, random blood glucose measured at the fortnightly clinic visits.
Outcomes	Outcomes used in this review Maternal glycaemic control (post‐prandial blood glucose). Birthweight.
Notes	Setting: King's College hospital. Country: UK. Funding: Medical Research Council Project Grant and the British Diabetic Association. Declarations of interest: not reported. Comments Sample size estimation was not reported. Type 2 DM pregnant patients were not included. A third group (normal women, n = 8) was included for comparison. The women were at 30‐31 weeks' gestation at the beginning of study. Women in the intervention group had their diet and insulin dosage adjusted by telephone or clinic consultation.
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Comment: not mentioned.
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Comment: not mentioned.
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Comment: no blinding of participants and personnel. However, this may not affect the results as all outcomes were objectively measured.
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Comment: no blinding of outcome assessment. However, all outcomes were objectively measured.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Comment: iIntention‐to‐treat.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	All expected outcomes reported.
Other bias	Low risk	No obvious risk to other bias.