. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Dec 1.

Published in final edited form as: Nat Rev Nephrol. 2018 Dec;14(12):750–766. doi: 10.1038/s41581-018-0068-5

Table 2.

Treatments that block or reverse sensitization of the hypertensive response.

Blocking treatment	Route of administration	Sensitizing challenge	Ref.
Mineralocorticoid antagonist	Intracerebroventricular	Blocks induction with subcutaneous aldosterone	2
Leptin inhibitor	Intracerebroventricular	Blocks induction with high-fat diet feeding	134
Minocycline	Intracerebroventricular	Blocks induction with high-fat diet, intracerebroventricular ANG II and intracerebroventricular leptin	131,134
Pentoxifylline	Intracerebroventricular	Blocks induction with high-fat diet, intracerebroventricular ANG II and intracerebroventricular leptin	131,134
AT1 antagonist	Intracerebroventricular	Blocks induction with high-fat diet, subcutaneous ANG II and intracerebroventricular leptin	1,131,134
Renal denervation	NA	Reverses sensitization induced by maternal gestational hypertension	191
Spontaneous exercise	NA	Delays expression of sensitization by maternal gestational hypertension	Unpublished
Oestrogen	Intracerebroventricular	Blocks induction with subcutaneous ANG II in male rats and ovariectomized female rats	192
Raloxifene	Intracerebroventricular	Blocks induction with subcutaneous ANG II in male rats and ovariectomized female rats	Unpublished
Valproate	Subcutaneous	Blocks induction with subcutaneous ANG II	Unpublished
Sodium butyrate	Intraperitoneal	Blocks induction with subcutaneous ANG II	Unpublished
Dizocilpine (MK-801)	Subcutaneous	Blocks induction with subcutaneous ANG II	247
AP-5	Intracerebroventricular	Blocks induction with subcutaneous ANG II	247
ANG_1–7	Intracerebroventricular	Blocks induction with subcutaneous ANG II	192

ANG, angiotensin; AP-5, (2R)-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid, an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist; AT1, type-1 angiotensin II receptor; NA, not applicable.