Table 2.
Risk of outcomes in each treatment category compared with those taking VKAs only during the study period
| Outcome | Covariates included in the models | Therapy | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||||
| Antiplatelets HR (95% CI) | P-value | Antiplatelets and VKA HR (95% CI) | P-value | NOACs HR (95% CI) | P-value | ||
| TIA or IS | Age and sex | 1.51 (1.09 to 2.09) | 0.014 | 1.42 (0.93 to 2.17) | 0.102 | 1.00 (0.54 to 1.84) | 0.997 |
| Age, sex, socioeconomic status, and CHA2DS2-VASc score | 1.53 (1.08 to 2.16) | 0.015 | 1.38 (0.89 to 2.14) | 0.153 | 0.98 (0.53 to 1.80) | 0.941 | |
|
| |||||||
| CHD | Age and sex | 1.06 (0.83 to 1.35) | 0.651 | 1.05 (0.84 to 1.31) | 0.678 | 2.07 (1.35 to 3.19) | 0.001 |
| Age, sex, socioeconomic status, and CHA2DS2-VASc score | 1.05 (0.81 to 1.35) | 0.717 | 1.06 (0.84 to 1.32) | 0.636 | 2.15 (1.34 to 3.44) | 0.001 | |
|
| |||||||
| PAD | Age and sex | 1.26 (0.68 to 2.36) | 0.461 | 1.33 (0.67 to 2.64) | 0.411 | 1.82 (0.68 to 4.82) | 0.230 |
| Age, sex, socioeconomic status, and CHA2DS2-VASc score | 1.13 (0.58 to 2.20) | 0.726 | 1.68 (0.83 to 3.41) | 0.150 | 2.67 (0.88 to 8.11) | 0.082 | |
|
| |||||||
| GI haemorrhage | Age and sex | 1.79 (1.01 to 3.18) | 0.047 | 1.46 (0.74 to 2.91) | 0.276 | 1.56 (0.63 to 3.85) | 0.334 |
| Age, sex, socioeconomic status, and CHA2DS2-VASc score | 1.77 (0.95 to 3.29) | 0.070 | 1.49 (0.70 to 3.16) | 0.294 | 1.34 (0.49 to 3.64) | 0.565 | |
CHD = cardiovascular disease. CI = confidence interval. GI = gastrointestinal. HR = hazard ratio. IS = ischaemic stroke. NOACs = novel oral anticoagulants. PAD = peripheral artery disease. TIA = transient ischaemic attack. VKA = vitamin K antagonists.