Table 3. Bivarite and multivariable models results for the associations between environmental factors and in hospital mortality after COPD exacerbation hospital admissions for study time periods (1, 1.5, 2 and 3 weeks before hospitalization).
| Unadjusted | Adjusted | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Environmental factor (Unit) | OR (95% CI) | p-value | OR (95% CI) | p-value |
| 1 week | ||||
| Temperature (°C) | 0.98 (0.97; 0.99) | <0.001 | 0.98 (0.97; 0.99) | <0.001 |
| Humidity (%) | 0.99 (0.99; 1.01) | 0.526 | 1.00 (0.99; 1.00) | 0.096 |
| NO2 (Bg/m3) | 0.98 (0.93; 1.04) | 0.567 | 0.98 (0.92; 1.04) | 0.475 |
| SO2 (Bg/m3) | 0.99 (0.97; 1.02) | 0.681 | 1.01 (0.98; 1.04) | 0.516 |
| O3 (Bg/m3) | 0.96 (0.93; 0.99) | 0.011 | 0.95 (0.92; 0.99) | 0.015 |
| PM10 (Bg/m3) | 0.95 (0.90; 1.01) | 0.112 | 0.94 (0.88; 1.00) | 0.051 |
| CO (Bg/m3) | 1.05 (0.99; 1.12) | 0.062 | 1.05 (0.99; 1.12) | 0.099 |
| 1.5 weeks | ||||
| Temperature (°C) | 0.98 (0.98; 0.99) | <0.001 | 0.98 (0.97; 0.99) | <0.001 |
| Humidity (%) | 1.00 (1.00; 1.00) | 0.349 | 1.00 (1.00; 1.00) | 0.959 |
| NO2 (Bg/m3) | 0.91 (0.87; 0.96) | <0.001 | 0.92 (0.87; 0.98) | 0.007 |
| SO2 (Bg/m3) | 0.98 (0.96; 1.01) | 0.183 | 1.00 (0.97; 1.02) | 0.826 |
| O3 (Bg/m3) | 0.97 (0.94; 0.99) | 0.029 | 0.95 (0.91; 0.98) | 0.002 |
| PM10 (Bg/m3) | 0.89 (0.84; 0.94) | <0.001 | 0.89 (0.83; 0.95) | <0.001 |
| CO (Bg/m3) | 1.03 (0.98; 1.08) | 0.226 | 1.04 (0.99; 1.09) | 0.139 |
| 2 weeks | ||||
| Temperature (°C) | 0.99 (0.98; 0.99) | 0.003 | 0.99 (0.98; 0.99) | <0.001 |
| Humidity (%) | 1.00 (0.99; 1.01) | 0.886 | 0.99 (0.99; 1.01) | 0.473 |
| NO2 (Bg/m3) | 0.99 (0.94; 1.04) | 0.626 | 0.99 (0.93; 1.05) | 0.704 |
| SO2 (Bg/m3) | 0.99 (0.96; 1.01) | 0.289 | 0.99 (0.96; 1.02) | 0.427 |
| O3 (Bg/m3) | 0.96 (0.93; 0.99) | 0.006 | 0.96 (0.93; 0.99) | 0.018 |
| PM10 (Bg/m3) | 0.95 (0.89; 1.01) | 0.065 | 0.94 (0.88; 1.00) | 0.053 |
| CO (Bg/m3) | 1.03 (0.98; 1.08) | 0.208 | 1.04 (0.98; 1.09) | 0.198 |
| 3 weeks | ||||
| Temperature (°C) | 0.99 (0.98; 0.99) | 0.012 | 0.99 (0.98; 0.99) | 0.004 |
| Humidity (%) | 1.00 (0.99; 1.00) | 0.767 | 0.99 (0.99; 1.00) | 0.704 |
| NO2 (Bg/m3) | 1.03 (0.98; 1.08) | 0.293 | 1.00 (0.94; 1.06) | 0.946 |
| SO2 (Bg/m3) | 0.99 (0.97; 1.01) | 0.436 | 0.99 (0.97; 1.02) | 0.713 |
| O3 (Bg/m3) | 0.95 (0.92; 0.97) | <0.001 | 0.94 (0.91; 0.98) | 0.001 |
| PM10 (Bg/m3) | 0.97 (0.92; 1.03) | 0.306 | 0.94 (0.88; 1.00) | 0.058 |
| CO (Bg/m3) | 1.06 (1.01; 1.11) | 0.011 | 1.06 (1.01; 1.12) | 0.035 |
NO2, nitrogen dioxide; SO2, sulfur dioxide; O3, ozone; PM10, particulate matter up to 10 μg/ m3 in size; CO: carbon monoxide; OR, odds ratio; 95% CI, 95% of confidence interval.