Table 2. Baseline characteristics of patients with ocular candidiasis as a function of the extent of ocular disease.
| Chorioretinitis without macular involvement (n = 86) | Chorioretinitis with macular involvement (n = 33) | P-value¶ | Endophthalmitis (n = 32) | P-value¶ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex (male) | 55 (64.0%) | 19 (57.6%) | 0.521 | 13 (40.6%) | 0.023 |
| Age (>65 years) | 54 (62.8%) | 19 (57.6%) | 0.55 | 23 (71.9%) | 0.357 |
| Body mass index (<18.5) | 30 (34.9%) | 12 (36.4%) | 0.88 | 10 (31.3%) | 0.711 |
| Total parenteral nutrition | 58 (67.4%) | 19 (57.6%) | 0.313 | 23 (71.9%) | 0.645 |
| Steroid use | 23 (26.7%) | 9 (27.3%) | 0.954 | 10 (31.3%) | 0.628 |
| Immunosuppressive therapy | 7 (8.1%) | 5 (15.2%) | 0.255 | 4 (12.5%) | 0.487 |
| Anticancer therapy | 8 (9.3%) | 2 (6.1%) | 0.724 | 3 (9.4%) | 1.000 |
| Surgery (within 28 days) | 32 (37.2%) | 9 (27.3%) | 0.307 | 10 (31.3%) | 0.548 |
| Digestive tract | 22 (25.6%) | 5 (15.2%) | 0.224 | 8 (25.0%) | 0.949 |
| Others | 10 (11.6%) | 4 (12.1%) | 0.94 | 2 (6.3%) | 0.39 |
| Malignant tumor | 36 (41.9%) | 12 (36.4%) | 0.584 | 17 (53.1%) | 0.274 |
| Solid cancer | 35 (40.7%) | 10 (30.3%) | 0.295 | 17 (53.1%) | 0.227 |
| Hematological malignancy | 1 (1.2%) | 2 (6.1%) | 0.185 | 0 (0.0%) | 1.000 |
| Serum Albumin <2.8 g/dL | 60 (69.8%) | 24 (72.7%) | 0.751 | 18 (56.3%) | 0.168 |
| Diabetes | 14 (16.3%) | 9 (27.3%) | 0.173 | 3 (9.4%) | 0.556 |
| Hypertension/heart disease | 27 (31.4%) | 7 (21.2%) | 0.271 | 4 (12.5%) | 0.058 |
| Chronic hepatic dysfunction | 11 (12.8%) | 4 (12.1%) | 1.000 | 5 (15.6%) | 0.689 |
| Chronic renal failure | 19 (22.1%) | 8 (24.2%) | 0.802 | 6 (18.8%) | 0.693 |
| Organ transplantation | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | - | 0 (0.0%) | - |
| Inflammatory bowel disease | 7 (8.1%) | 3 (9.1%) | 1.000 | 3 (9.4%) | 0.83 |
| Prolonged ICU stay | 18 (20.9%) | 9 (27.3%) | 0.46 | 5 (15.6%) | 0.518 |
| Ventilator use | 27 (31.4%) | 9 (27.3%) | 0.661 | 4 (12.5%) | 0.058 |
| APACHE II score ≥ 15 | 36 (41.9%) | 13 (39.4%) | 0.807 | 6 (18.8%) | 0.02 |
| Diagnosis in initial examination | 74 (86.0%) | 32 (97.0%) | 0.109 | 26 (81.3%) | 0.568 |
| Delayed diagnosis (≧2 weeks of blood culture) | 6 (7.0%) | 4 (12.1%) | 0.461 | 3 (9.4%) | 0.702 |
| Isolated Candida species | |||||
| C. albicans | 65 (75.6%) | 27 (81.8%) | 0.467 | 27 (84.4%) | 0.306 |
| C. glabrata | 10 (11.6%) | 2 (6.1%) | 0.507 | 1 (3.1%) | 0.285 |
| C. parapsilosis | 7 (8.1%) | 5 (15.2%) | 0.31 | 1 (3.1%) | 0.445 |
| Other Candida spp | 5 (4.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.366 | 3(6.3%) | 0.785 |
¶: vs. Chorioretinitis without macula involvement
ICU: intensive care unit; APACHE II: acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II