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. 2019 May 23;14(5):e0214681. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214681

Fig 1. E.coli K12 LPS induces a similar pro-inflammatory cytokine profile in M1 and M2 Mφ subsets.

Fig 1

THP-1-derived M1 and M2 Mφs were generated by differentiating THP-1 monocytic cells with either 25 ng/ml phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) for 3 days or 10 nM 1,25-(OH)2 vitamin D3 for 7 days, respectively. M1 (bold) and M2 (shaded) Mφ subsets were stimulated with or without 100 ng/ml K12-LPS. Gene expression, mRNA, was tested in both Mφ subsets for the expression of TNFα mRNA (a) and IL-6 mRNA (b) where mRNA level is expressed as fold change (RQ) using GAPDH as reference gene and resting cells as a calibrator sample, as described in [16] using 2-ΔΔct method. Cytokine production was measured by sandwich ELISA and presented as the mean ± SD in pg/ml for TNFα (c) and IL-6 (d). Data displayed is representative of triplicate samples for n = 3 replicate experiments. Significant differences in cytokine expression and secretion between activated M1 and M2 Mφs are indicated as **p < 0.01, *** P < 0.001 and ns = not significant.