Table 5.
Use of gesture-based commercial off-the-shelf devices in surgery.
| Use | Studies | |||
| Manipulation of images in interventional radiology environments or in the operating room (N=42) | ||||
|
|
Image manipulation | [5,13,14,17,19,26,27,30,52,54,56,58-64,67-69,74,76-95] | ||
| Education and training | ||||
|
|
Virtual or augmented reality for educational or interventional purposes (N=16) | [75,94,96-109] | ||
|
|
Training in endoscopy (bronchoscopy and colonoscopy; N=3) | [110-112] | ||
| Robotic surgery (N=7) | ||||
|
|
Robotics in surgery and in surgical instrumentation | [113-119] | ||
| Tracking of hand or instrument movements during open or minimally invasive surgery | ||||
|
|
Instrument tracking in MISa (N=7) | [108,120-125] | ||
|
|
Tracking of hand movements during MIS (N=2) | [109,126] | ||
|
|
Tracking of hand movements during open surgical knot tying (N=1) | [127] | ||
| Simulation for skills learning in MIS (N=4) | ||||
|
|
Simulation for motor skills learning in MIS | [66,108,120] | ||
|
|
Using patient-specific 3-dimensional images during MIS in real patients or simulators, and presurgical warm-up | [52,66,70,108] | ||
| Other uses |
|
|
||
|
|
Ethnographic studies (N=5) | [59,65,78,83,114] | ||
|
|
Measurement of breast implant volumes and measurement of distances on the breast surface (N=3) | [71-73] | ||
|
|
Manipulation of the operating table and lights (N=4) | [128-130] | ||
aMIS: minimally invasive surgery.