Table 1.

Types of Estrogen Receptor Ligands

Endoestrogens	Phytoestrogens	Xenoestrogens	SERMs	Metalloestrogens
estrone 17β-estradiol estriol estretrol	Isoflavones: genistein, daidzein, formononetin, glycitein Coumestans: coumestrol, repensol, trifoliol Lignans: lariciresinol, matairesinol, pinoresinol, secoisolariciresinol, podophyllotoxin, steganacin	Medicinal drugs: diethylstilbestrol, ethinyl estradiol Food additives: butylated hydroxyanisole, erythrosine Body cosmetics: 4-methylbenzylidene camphor, methylparaben, ethylparaben, propylparaben Environmental pesticides: atrazine, dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, methoxychlor, dieldrin, endosulfan, heptachlor, lindane Industrial chemicals: bisphenol A, nonylphenol, monochlorobiphenyl and dichlorobiphenyl, di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, diisodecyl phthalate, diisononyl phthalate	Tamoxifen Clomifene Toremifene Raloxifene Ormeloxifene	Cations: aluminum (Al3+), antimony (Sb3+), barium (Ba2+), cadmium (Cd2+), chromium (Cr2+), cobalt (Co2+), copper (Cu2+), lead (Pb2+), mercury (Hg2+), nickel (Ni2+) Anions: arsenite (AsO33−), selenite (SeO32−), vanadate (VO43−)