Figure 2.

Path diagram of the Latent Change Score model (LCS, Model 4) for general cognitive ability (g) and Cortical Structure (Ctx, either Thickness or Surface) in the considered ROIs. Significant lead-lag effects are highlighted. The dashed line represents an effect for Cortical Thickness, but not for Cortical Surface Area.

Note: “Δ”=Change between previous and subsequent time point. “Bl”=Block Design. “Mt”=Matrices. “Sm”=Similarities. “Vc”=Vocabulary. All unlabeled parameters were fixed to 1. The two latent intercepts and two latent slopes are regressed on age and log(age) at first occasion (not shown). Intercepts of the four cognitive tests were estimated as time-invariant (not shown). Within-test residual auto-correlations (not shown) were allowed.