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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Consult Clin Psychol. 2019 Apr 22;87(6):501–509. doi: 10.1037/ccp0000397

Figure 1.

Figure 1.

Average sudden gain in alliance at the sample mean level, based on patients’ alliance self-report (1.a.) and therapists’ alliance self-report (1.b.). Similarly to the original figure by Tang and DeRubeis (1999), the working alliance inventory (WAI) scores shown for sessions n-2, n-1, n, n+1,n+2, and n+3 are the means (± SE) of the corresponding sessions of the patients showing sudden gains in alliance. Adapted from “Sudden gains and critical sessions in cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression,” by Tang, T. Z., & DeRubeis, R. J., 1999, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 67.