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. 2019 May 23;9:7765. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-44185-4

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effects of high CO₂ on growth and hormone concentrations in soil-grown plants. Shoot fresh weight (a), concentrations of iP-type cytokinin (CK) precursors and inactivated iP-type CKs (b), concentrations of tZ-type CK precursors and inactivated tZ-type CKs (c), IAA concentration (d), and ABA concentration (e) of Col-0 shoots incubated at 280 ppmv or 780 ppmv CO₂ for the indicated periods. Error bars represent standard deviations (a, n = 10; b–e, n = 8). Asterisks indicate statistically significant differences between 280 ppmv CO₂- and 780 ppmv CO₂-treated samples at the same exposure time (*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; Student’s t-test). FW, fresh weight; tZ, trans-zeatin; iP, N⁶-(∆2-isopentenyl)adenine; iP-type CK precursor, sum of iPR and iPRPs; inactivated iP-type CK, sum of iP7G and iP9G; tZ-type CK precursor, sum of tZR and tZRPs; inactivated tZ-type CK, sum of tZ7G, tZZ9G, tZOG, tZROG, and tZRPsOG. The concentrations of all quantified hormones are shown in Supplementary Table S1.