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. 2019 May 23;9:7775. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-44248-6

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Response of spotted-wing drosophila (Drosophila suzukii) to low, medium, and high larval densities (respectively 10, 30, and 100 3^rd instar larvae per assay tube containing 3 g of artificial diet) in cornmeal medium. (A) Percentage of larva-pupa survival (Kruskal-Wallis H = 10.18, P = 0.0019; Dunn’s P = 0.0063). (B) Percentage of larvae that displayed pupation detached from the host as opposed to pupation attached to the host (H = 12.56, P < 0.0001; Dunn’s P = 0.0017). (C) Distance (mm) between detached pupae and host (H = 3.594, P = 0.1682). N = 5–6.