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. 2019 Apr 2;23(6):3962–3973. doi: 10.1111/jcmm.14282

Figure 4.

Figure 4

A, Oxygen consumption in maternal and neonatal blood cells of the study groups. Maternal PBMC from IUGR pregnant women (grey bars) presented conserved cellular oxygen consumption (A1) and trends to decrease of oxygen consumption stimulated for CI (A2‐3) compared to controls (empty bars). Despite not reaching statistical significance, neonatal CBMC from IUGR new‐borns (grey bars) presented a tendency to decrease of both cellular and CI‐stimulated oxygen consumption (A1‐3) compared to controls (empty bars). Additionally, IUGR new‐borns presented higher oxygen consumption deficiencies compared to mothers. B, Enzymatic activities of the complexes of the MRC and CS in maternal and neonatal blood cells of the study groups. IUGR cohort is presented as grey bars and controls as empty bars. No remarkable differences were evidenced in maternal PBMC. However, a significant decrease of CS activity was found in neonatal CBMC (B3). C, Total ATP levels in maternal and neonatal blood cells of the study groups. No significant differences were observed either in maternal PBMC or in neonatal CBMC between IUGR pregnancies (grey bars) and controls (empty bars). D, Lipid peroxidation as an indicator of oxidative damage in maternal and neonatal blood cells of the study groups. No significant differences were evidenced either in maternal PBMC and neonatal CBMC between IUGR pregnancies (grey bars) and controls (empty bars). Results are expressed as a percentage of increase or decrease with respect to controls ± SEM (A,B) and as mean ± SEM (C,D). Mann‐Whitney tests were used to seek for statistical analysis between groups. ATP, adenosine triphosphate; CBMC, cord blood mononuclear cells; cell oxidation, cellular endogen oxidation (without substrates); CI, complex I activity; CII, complex II activity; CIV, complex IV activity; CI + III, complex I + III activity; CII + III, complex II + III activity; CS, citrate synthase activity; GM oxidation, glutamate and malate oxidation); HAE, 4‐hydroxyalkenal; IUGR, intrauterine growth restriction; MDA, malondialdehyde; MRC, mitochondrial respiratory chain; PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cells; PM oxidation, pyruvate and malate oxidation; * P < 0.05