Table 4.
Post-Hoc analyses of overdose characteristics for those with and without pain who reported one or more alcohol or drug OD in their lifetime.
| Alcohol OD Characteristics | Total N = 593 |
Pain N = 450 |
No Pain N = 143 |
p- value |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Received medical attention1 at last alcohol OD | 22 | (3.71%) | 20 | (4.44%) | 2 | (1.40%) | 0.241 |
| Mean number of substances used in addition to alcohol at last alcohol OD | 1.86 | ( 2.07) | 2.00 | (2.16) | 1.41 | (1.68) | 0.005 |
| Substances used at last Alcohol OD | |||||||
| Only Alcohol | 125 | (21.08%) | 91 | (20.22%) | 34 | (23.78%) | -- |
| Marijuana | 243 | (40.98%) | 187 | (41.56%) | 56 | (39.16%) | -- |
| Prescription Sedatives | 167 | (28.16%) | 135 | (30.00%) | 32 | (22.38%) | -- |
| Cocaine or Crack | 154 | (25.97%) | 124 | (27.56%) | 30 | (20.98%) | -- |
| Prescription Pain Relievers | 149 | (25.13%) | 130 | (28.89%) | 19 | (13.29%) | -- |
| Street Opioids | 113 | (19.06%) | 87 | (19.33%) | 26 | (18.18%) | -- |
| Energy Drinks | 103 | (17.37%) | 86 | (19.11%) | 17 | (11.89%) | -- |
| Prescription Stimulants | 59 | (9.95%) | 53 | (11.78%) | 6 | (4.20%) | -- |
| Methamphetamines | 45 | (7.59%) | 36 | (8.00%) | 9 | (6.29%) | -- |
| Other3 | 53 | (8.94%) | 48 | (10.67%) | 5 | (3.50%) | -- |
| Drug OD Characteristics |
Total N = 365 |
Pain N = 291 |
No Pain N = 74 |
p- value |
|||
| Received medical attention1 at last Drug OD | 76 | (20.82%) | 64 | (84.21%) | 12 | (15.79%) | 0.379 |
| Mean number of substances at last Drug OD | 2.23 | (1.73) | 2.31 | (1.81) | 1.91 | (1.33) | 0.174 |
| Substances used at last Drug OD | |||||||
| Street Opioids | 193 | (52.88%) | 143 | (49.14%) | 50 | (67.57%) | -- |
| Prescription Sedatives | 127 | (34.79%) | 104 | (35.74%) | 23 | (31.08%) | -- |
| Alcohol | 109 | (29.86%) | 94 | (32.30%) | 15 | (20.27%) | -- |
| Prescription Pain Relievers | 106 | (29.04%) | 91 | (31.27%) | 15 | (20.27%) | -- |
| Marijuana | 83 | (22.74%) | 69 | (23.71%) | 14 | (18.92%) | -- |
| Cocaine or Crack | 86 | (23.56%) | 75 | (25.77%) | 11 | (14.86%) | -- |
| Energy Drinks | 28 | (7.67%) | 24 | (8.25%) | 4 | (5.41%) | -- |
| Prescription Stimulants | 25 | (6.85%) | 21 | (7.22%) | 4 | (5.41%) | -- |
| Methamphetamines | 21 | (5.75%) | 19 | (6.53%) | 2 | (2.70%) | -- |
| Other2 | 30 | (8.22%) | 27 | (9.28%) | 3 | (4.05%) | -- |
Note. All percentages represent fraction of the total n within the column. Each column adds up to more than 100% because categories are not mutually exclusive. All results take into account missing data for each measure Grey area not included in analysis, presented for descriptive purposes only. OD = Overdose
1
: Defined as having called 911 (either the patient or someone else), being taken to the ER or being admitted to the hospital.
2
:Other includes Hallucinogens, over the counter medications, inhalants, as well as write-in ‘other’ category.