Table 6. Cancer drug-associated other cardiac comorbidities including arrhythmia, coronary artery disease, and arterial hypertension.
| Arrhythmia | |
| Medications | Risks |
| Anthracyclines, arsenic trioxide, bortezomib, alkylating agents (cisplatin, cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, melphalan), 5-FU, ifosfamide, IL-2, methotrexate, mitoxantrone, paclitaxel, rituximab, thalidomide. | Bradycardia |
| Anthracyclines, arsenic trioxide, bortezomib, cyclophosphamide, 5-FU, mitoxantrone, rituximab, taxanes, thalidomide. | Atrioventricular block (high risk as a combination of radiotherapy) |
| Alkylating agents, amsacrine, anthracyclines, antimetabolites, bortezomib, IL-2, interferons, paclitaxel | Supraventricular tachycardias (most atrial fibrillation) |
| Alkylating agents, amsacrine, antimetabolites, arsenic trioxide, doxorubicin, interferons, IL-2, methotrexate, paclitaxel, proteasome inhibitors | Ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation |
| Anthracyclines (14%), histone deacetylase inhibitors (depsipeptide, vorinostat) (10-14%), TKIs* (3-15%), arsenic trioxide (35.4%, risk of Torsade de pointes) | QTc prolongation |
| Coronary artery disease | |
| Medications | Risks |
| Fluoropyrimidines (5-FU, capecitabine, gemcitabine) | Symptomatic myocardial ischemia (18%), silent myocardial ischemia (7-10%) |
| VEGF inhibitors# (bevacizumab) | Risk of arterial thrombosis (1.4-3.8%) |
| Radiotherapy | 2-7-fold increased relative risk of myocardial infarction, especially in Hodgkin lymphoma survivors. |
| Dose-dependent | |
| Arterial hypertension | |
| Medications | Risks |
| VEGF inhibitors# | Incidence of HTN up to 23.6% |
| TKIs* | Incidence of HTN up to 15.3-21.6% |
* Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), e.g., ponatinib, sorafenib, sunitinib, and ibrutinib; # Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors, e.g., bevacizumab. HTN, hypertension.