Table 2.
Geometric means of AMH (95% CI) according to quartiles of macronutrient intake and carbohydrate measures a,b
| Age-adjusted | Multivariable adjusted c | |
|---|---|---|
| % calories from carbohydrates | ||
| <41.25 | 0.41 (0.28, 0.61) | 0.41 (0.27, 0.61) |
| 41.25–47.34 | 0.64 (0.43, 0.95) | 0.66 (0.45, 0.98) |
| 47.35–51.84 | 0.77 (0.52, 1.15) | 0.76 (0.51, 1.13) |
| ≥51.85 | 0.71 (0.48, 1.06) | 0.71 (0.48, 1.05) |
| β per 5% calories (95% CI) | 0.134 (0.015, 0.253) | 0.141 (0.023, 0.259) |
| p-value | 0.027 | 0.019 |
| % calories from fat | ||
| <32.25 | 0.65 (0.44, 0.98) | 0.64 (0.43, 0.96) |
| 32.25–36.59 | 0.74 (0.49, 1.11) | 0.78 (0.52, 1.16) |
| 36.60–40.39 | 0.54 (0.36, 0.80) | 0.55 (0.37, 0.82) |
| ≥40.40 | 0.56 (0.37, 0.83) | 0.53 (0.36, 0.79) |
| β per 5% calories (95% CI) | −0.139 (−0.286, 0.009) | −0.152 (−0.299, −0.004) |
| p-value | 0.065 | 0.044 |
| % calories from protein | ||
| <13.40 | 0.58 (0.39, 0.87) | 0.60 (0.40, 0.90) |
| 13.40–15.44 | 0.63 (0.42, 0.94) | 0.63 (0.42, 0.93) |
| 15.45–17.09 | 0.61 (0.41, 0.92) | 0.60 (0.40, 0.90) |
| ≥17.10 | 0.65 (0.44, 0.96) | 0.64 (0.43, 0.95) |
| β per 5% calories (95% CI) | 0.031 (−0.316, 0.379) | 0.000 (−0.344, 0.345) |
| p-value | 0.859 | 0.999 |
| % calories from alcohol | ||
| <0.40 | 0.67 (0.45, 1.01) | 0.72 (0.47, 1.09) |
| 0.40–1.69 | 0.70 (0.47, 1.05) | 0.67 (0.45, 1.00) |
| 1.70–5.94 | 0.64 (0.43, 0.95) | 0.62 (0.42, 0.92) |
| ≥5.95 | 0.48 (0.32, 0.72) | 0.49 (0.33, 0.73) |
| β per 5% calories (95% CI) | −0.123 (−0.292, 0.046) | −0.119 (−0.289, 0.050) |
| p-value | 0.154 | 0.167 |
| Total carbohydrates (g/day) | ||
| <138.40 | 0.51 (0.34, 0.76) | 0.42 (0.26, 0.68) |
| 138.40–175.54 | 0.53 (0.36, 0.79) | 0.48 (0.32, 0.73) |
| 175.55–232.69 | 0.69 (0.46, 1.03) | 0.67 (0.45, 1.00) |
| ≥232.70 | 0.78 (0.53, 1.17) | 1.07 (0.61, 1.86) |
| β per 10g (95% CI) | 0.017 (−0.008, 0.042) | 0.061 (0.006, 0.116) |
| p-value | 0.189 | 0.031 |
| Fiber (g/day) | ||
| <10.70 | 0.64 (0.43, 0.95) | 0.84 (0.53, 1.33) |
| 10.70–13.94 | 0.81 (0.54, 1.21) | 0.92 (0.61, 1.37) |
| 13.95–19.94 | 0.57 (0.38, 0.85) | 0.51 (0.34, 0.75) |
| ≥19.95 | 0.49 (0.33, 0.73) | 0.37 (0.23, 0.60) |
| β per 5g (95% CI) | 0.003 (−0.124, 0.131) | −0.048 (−0.238, 0.142) |
| p-value | 0.959 | 0.622 |
| Total sugars (g/day) | ||
| <60.40 | 0.43 (0.29, 0.63) | 0.41 (0.26, 0.63) |
| 60.40–80.44 | 0.62 (0.42, 0.92) | 0.58 (0.39, 0.86) |
| 80.45–112.04 | 0.66 (0.44, 0.98) | 0.66 (0.44, 0.98) |
| ≥112.05 | 0.83 (0.56, 1.24) | 0.94 (0.60, 1.49) |
| β per 5g (95% CI) | 0.015 (−0.006, 0.036) | 0.020 (−0.008, 0.048) |
| p-value | 0.156 | 0.162 |
| Glycemic index | ||
| <51.65 | 0.47 (0.32, 0.71) | 0.44 (0.30, 0.66) |
| 51.65–53.73 | 0.78 (0.52, 1.16) | 0.78 (0.53, 1.16) |
| 53.74–55.74 | 0.58 (0.39, 0.86) | 0.59 (0.40, 0.88) |
| ≥55.75 | 0.69 (0.46, 1.02) | 0.71 (0.48, 1.05) |
| β per 1 unit (95% CI) | 0.012 (−0.039, 0.063) | 0.023 (−0.028, 0.074) |
| p-value | 0.646 | 0.372 |
| Glycemic load | ||
| <62.94 | 0.45 (0.30, 0.68) | 0.42 (0.26, 0.66) |
| 62.94–82.41 | 0.71 (0.47, 1.05) | 0.64 (0.42, 0.97) |
| 82.42–109.13 | 0.69 (0.45, 1.00) | 0.67 (0.45, 0.99) |
| ≥109.14 | 0.69 (0.46, 1.02) | 0.81 (0.48, 1.35) |
| β per 5 units (95% CI) | 0.019 (−0.005, 0.044) | 0.051 (0.008, 0.094) |
| p-value | 0.122 | 0.020 |
a
Geometric means of AMH were estimated using generalized linear regression models; p-values are from tests of linear trend with dietary exposures modelled as continuous variables
b
AMH values are presented in ng/ml
c
Adjusted for age, body mass index, energy intake, smoking, and current use of oral contraceptives