Table 1.
Baseline characteristics by clinic location
| Variable | Geriatric (n = 113) |
Community-based Primary Care (n = 128) |
Hospital-based Primary Care (n = 105) |
Total (n = 346) |
p-value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PIKQ Scores | |||||
| PIKQ-UI | |||||
| Median % (IQR) | 58 (33–75) | 58 (17–83) | 58 (25–83) | 58 (25–83) | 0.87 |
| Mean % ± SD | 54 ± 31 | 52 ± 35 | 51 ± 35 | 53 ± 34 | |
| PIKQ-POP | |||||
| Median % (IQR) | 42 (8–75) | 33 (8–67) | 42 (8–75) | 42 (8–67) | 0.64 |
| Mean % ± SD | 43 ± 32 | 40 ± 33 | 42 ± 33 | 42 ± 33 | |
| Knowledge | |||||
| PIKQ-UI, n (%) | |||||
| Non-proficient | 86 (76.1) | 88 (68.1) | 75 (71.4) | 249 (72.0) | 0.52 |
| PIKQ-POP, n (%) | |||||
| Non-proficient | 58 (51.8) | 70 (54.7) | 57 (54.3) | 185 (53.6) | 0.99 |
| Demographics | |||||
|
Age, Mean ± SD |
76 ± 10 | 51 ± 14 | 52 ± 15 | 60 ± 18 | < 0.001 |
| Age (by decade), n (%) | |||||
| 18–29 | 0 (0.0) | 9 (7.0) | 12 (11.8) | 21 (6.1) | |
| 30–39 | 0 (0.0) | 18 (14.1) | 10 (9.8) | 28 (8.2) | |
| 40–49 | 2 (1.8) | 28 (21.9) | 20 (19.6) | 50 (14.6) | |
| 50–59 | 8 (7.1) | 34 (26.6) | 24 (23.5) | 66 (19.3) | < 0.001 |
| 60–69 | 14 (12.5) | 27 (21.1) | 23 (22.6) | 64 (18.7) | |
| 70–79 | 45 (40.2) | 9 (7.0) | 11 (10.8) | 65 (19.0) | |
| ≥ 80 | 43 (38.4) | 3 (2.3) | 2 (2.0) | 48 (14.0) | |
| Education, n (%) | |||||
| ≤ High school# | 49 (43.8) | 35 (27.6) | 32 (31.1) | 116 (33.9) | |
| Some college# | 19 (17.0) | 43 (33.9) | 31 (30.0) | 93 (27.2) | 0.02 |
| ≥ College# | 44 (39.3) | 49 (38.6) | 40 (38.8) | 133 (38.9) | |
| Income, n (%) | |||||
| < $30,000 | 40 (44.4) | 35 (29.4) | 38 (40.9) | 113 (37.4) | |
| $30,000 – 50,000 | 21 (23.3) | 33 (27.7) | 23 (24.7) | 77 (25.5) | 0.22 |
| > $50,000 | 29 (32.2) | 51 (42.9) | 32 (34.4) | 112 (37.1) | |
| Comorbidities | |||||
|
# of comorbidities, Median (IQR) |
1 (0–2) | 1 (0–2) | 1 (0–2) | 1 (0–2) | 0.64 |
| Cardiac disease, n (%) | |||||
| Yes | 24 (22.2) | 11 (8.7) | 11 (10.9) | 46 (13.7) | 0.008 |
| Hysterectomy, n (%) | |||||
| Yes | 50 (46.7) | 40 (31.7) | 38 (36.9) | 128 (38.1) | 0.06 |
| HRT, n (%) | |||||
| Yes | 42 (40.8) | 34 (34) | 16 (18.0) | 92 (31.5) | 0.003 |
| Smoking, n (%) | |||||
| Yes | 7 (7.1) | 17 (15.7) | 14 (14.6) | 38 (12.5) | 0.13 |
| Caffeine, n (%) | |||||
| Yes | 56 (50.9) | 60 (48.4) | 45 (44.1) | 161 (47.9) | 0.61 |
| Sources of information: | |||||
| Provider, n (%) | |||||
| Yes | 109 (99.0) | 123 (98.4) | 99 (98.0) | 331 (98.5) | 0.81 |
| Pharmacy, n (%) | |||||
| Yes | 40 (36.4) | 42 (33.6) | 41 (40.6) | 123 (36.6) | 0.55 |
| Internet, n (%) | |||||
| Yes | 37 (33.6) | 68 (54.4) | 59 (58.4) | 164 (48.8) | < 0.001 |
| Television, n (%) | |||||
| Yes | 29 (26.4) | 30 (24.0) | 21 (20.8) | 80 (23.8) | 0.64 |
| Awareness of: | |||||
| Urinary incontinence, n (%) | |||||
| Yes | 80 (79.2) | 91 (73.4) | 66 (68.0) | 237 (73.6) | 0.20 |
| Pelvic organ prolapse, n (%) | |||||
| Yes | 54 (53.5) | 53 (43.1) | 44 (44.0) | 151 (46.6) | 0.25 |
| Fecal incontinence, n (%) | |||||
| Yes | 73 (72.3) | 72 (58.5) | 52 (51.5) | 197 (60.6) | 0.009 |
| Diagnosis of: | |||||
| Urinary incontinence, n (%) | |||||
| Yes | 62 (54.9) | 58 (45.3) | 38 (36.2) | 158 (45.7) | 0.02 |
| Pelvic organ prolapse, n (%) | |||||
| Yes | 30 (26.5) | 15 (11.7) | 10 (9.5) | 55 (15.9) | 0.001 |
| Fecal incontinence, n (%) | |||||
| Yes | 19 (17.0) | 11 (8.6) | 6 (5.7) | 36 (10.4) | 0.02 |
| Any pelvic floor disorder, n (%) | |||||
| Yes | 52 (46.0) | 41 (32.0) | 29 (27.6) | 122 (35.3) | 0.01 |
Abbreviations: PIKQ prolapse and incontinence knowledge questionnaire, PFD pelvic floor disorders, UI urinary incontinence, POP prolapse, IQR interquartile range, HRT hormone replacement therapy
*p-values are based on comparisons across clinic locations (e.g. geriatric vs. community-based primary clinic vs. hospital-based primary care clinic). Continuous data was compared using ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis test, as appropriate based on whether data was parametric or non-parametric. Categorical data was compared using Chi-square test
# ≥ College: at least college degree; ≤ High school: high school degree or less
Missing data for covariates: age (1.2%), parity (2.9%), race (6.9%), education (1.2%), income (12.7%), cardiac disease (2.9%), hysterectomy (2.9%), HRT (15.6%), smoking (12.4%), caffeine (2.9%), provider (2.9%), pharmacy (2.9%), internet (2.9%), television (2.9%), UI awareness (6.9%), POP awareness (6.4%), FI awareness (6.1%), UI diagnosis (1.5%), POP diagnosis (1.5%), FI diagnosis (1.5%), PFD diagnosis (1.5%). Questionnaires with incomplete PIKQ-UI or –POP questionnaires were excluded
Bolded p-values are significant