Table 2.
Chemical analysis of P. heterophylla
| Analytes | Methods | References |
|---|---|---|
| Pseudostellarin A, C, D, and G | HPLC–ESI–MSn | [25] |
| Pseudostellarin A, B, C, D, E, G | HPLC-APCI (atmospheric pressure chemical ionization)-MS | [67] |
| Pseudostellarin A, B, E, F, G, Heterophyllin A, B, D | UPLC-triple TOF–MS/MS; UPLC-ESI-TOF MS/MS | [64, 68, 69] |
| Maltotriose, sucrose, thyronine, inosine triphosphate, pseudostellarin A, B, D, F, heterophyllin A and sphinganine etc. | UPLC-triple TOF–MS/MS | [44–46] |
| 21 compounds | Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-triple time-of-flight mass/mass spectrometry (UPLC-triple TOF–MS/MS) | [70] |
| 34 components (heterophyllin A and B, alanine, lactate, lysine, taurine, sucrose, tyrosine, linolenic acid, γ-aminobutyrate, glutamine, raffinose, xylose etc.) | 1H-NMR-based metabolomics coupled with HPLC | [47] |
| Free amino acid | NIR | [71] |
| Nucleosides and nucleobases | QTRAP LC–MS/MS | [55–57, 72] |
| Volatile components: palmitic acid (21.37%), 9,12-octadecadienoic acid ethylester (16.98%), trans-oleic acid (5.94%), chondrillasterol (3.99%), stigmast-7-en-3-ol (3.92%), 5,6-dihydroergosterol(2.48%), 1-monolinolein (2.35%) | GC–MS | [73] |
| Polysaccharide | High-performance size-exclusion chromatograph (HPSEC) | [74] |
| Water-soluble sugar | Phenol–sulfuric acid | [75] |
| Fingerprint | HPLC | [16, 37, 58–60, 76–78] |
| Fingerprint | GC–MS | [79] |