Table 4.
Association between ethnicity/immigration status and prediabetes incidence using glucose thresholds according to the American Diabetes Association
| Study population, variable | No. new cases of prediabetes | Person-years of follow-up | Crude incidence (no./100 person-years) | Cumulative incidence (%)a | Age, sex, and area-income-adjusted HR (95% CI)b, c | Fully adjusted HR (95% CI)c, d |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Immigrants, ethnicity | ||||||
| South Asian | 25,465 | 433,322 | 5.88 | 47.10 | 1.64 (1.59–1.68) | 1.65 (1.60–1.69) |
| Sub-Saharan African and Caribbean | 12,254 | 267,584 | 4.58 | 39.74 | 1.30 (1.26–1.35) | 1.33 (1.29–1.37) |
| South-East Asian | 10,632 | 213,383 | 4.98 | 40.39 | 1.35 (1.31–1.39) | 1.37 (1.33–1.41) |
| Latin American | 9923 | 206,875 | 4.80 | 39.79 | 1.31 (1.27–1.36) | 1.32 (1.28–1.36) |
| East Asian | 25,741 | 477,038 | 5.40 | 39.52 | 1.31 (1.27–1.34) | 1.30 (1.26–1.34) |
| West Asian and Arab | 10,053 | 229,832 | 4.37 | 36.86 | 1.21 (1.17–1.25) | 1.19 (1.15–1.23) |
| Eastern European | 12,082 | 312,374 | 3.87 | 32.37 | 1.04 (1.01–1.07) | 1.00 (0.97–1.04) |
| Western European | 6371 | 167,631 | 3.80 | 32.25 | Referent | Referent |
| Entire cohort, immigration status | ||||||
| Immigrants to Canada | 112,568 | 9,996,199 | 4.88 | 43.73 | 1.29 (1.28–1.30) | 1.27 (1.26–1.28)c |
| Long-term Canadian Residents | 457,217 | 2,308,649 | 4.57 | 35.89 | Referent | NA |
Cases who met any of the following prediabetes definitions on subsequent laboratory testing: (1) fasting glucose 5.7 to 6.9 mmol/L, (2) 2-h glucose 7.8 to 11.0 mmol/L on 75-g OGTT, or (3) HbA1c of 5.7–6.4% (39 to 46 mmol/mol)
aCumulative incidence is based on the cumulative incidence probability for prediabetes
bAdjusted for age, sex, and area income
cCases censored at time when prediabetes definition was first met, if criteria for diabetes met, lost health care coverage, died, or December 31, 2013
dAdjusted for age, sex, area income, education, ethnicity, marital status, immigration visa category, and duration