Table 1. Baseline characteristics.

	Cryo (n=24)	Hybrid (n=14)	Minimaze (n=23)	P value
Age (years)	66 ±10	70 ± 6	63 ± 9	ns
Sex (male %)	70.8	71.4	61	ns
Hypertension (%)	71	57	61	ns
Diabetes (%)	37.5	7.1	17.4	ns
Coronary artery disease (%)	25	28.6	26.1	ns
Heart failure (%)	29.2	28.6	34.8	ns
Sleep apnea (%)	37.5	35.7	22	ns
Body mass Index	33 ± 6	29 ±5	29 ±5	ns
Cerebrovascular disease (%)	4.3	none	none	ns
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (%)	8.3	14.2	4.3	ns
CHADS2VAsc	2.4 ±1.3	2.5 ±1.5	2.3 ±1.5	ns
Newer anticoagulant /warfarin (%)	66.7/29.2	42.8/50	30.4/69.5	ns
Antiarrhythmic drugs (class III/I)	33.3/29.2	14.3/14.3	30.4/21.7	ns
Left atrium (cm)	4.5 ± 0.67	4.2 ± 0.64	4.3 ±0.6	ns
Left ventricular ejection fraction(%)‡	53 ± 10	59 ± 6	54 ± 10	ns
Long standing Persistent AF (%)	25	78.6	13	<0.0001
Prior endocardial ablation (%)	33.3	43	21.7	ns
Alcohol use	46	57	65	ns
Smoking	54	36	22	ns