Table 1.

Synonym classification experiments on 607 phenotypic phrases extracted from 228 PubMed abstracts. Largest values for each category are italicized.

Method	Accuracy (%)
	R@1a	R@5b
PhenoTips	28.9	49.3
NCRc	51.6	80.6
NCR-Hd	45.5	69.8
NCR-Ne	55.8	78.2
NCR-HNf	50.2	71.8

^aR@1: recall using top 1 result from each method.

^bR@5: recall using top 5 results from each method.

^cNCR: Neural Concept Recognizer.

^dNCR-H: variation of the NCR model that ignores taxonomic relations.

^eNCR-N: variation of the NCR model that has not been trained on negative samples.

^fNCR-HN: variation of the NCR model that ignores the taxonomy and has not been trained on negative examples.