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. 2019 May 17;13:484. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00484

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Copyright © 2019 Zhu, Xiang, Li, Lin, Hu, Zhang, Meng, Liu, Chen, Shu, Zhang, Zhang, Si and Li.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The combination of chemogenetic activation of GABAergic neurons and chemogenetic inhibition of glutamatergic neurons in the vlPAG effectively attenuate the effect of EA. COMB is abstract of combination operation. (A,B) Time course of tactile threshold in response to von Frey filaments. (C,D) The noxious heat stimulus (53°C) caused a change in the thermal thresholds. Tactile (A) and thermal (C) withdrawal thresholds changes in CCI mice after chemogenetic activation. Changes in tactile (B) and thermal (D) withdrawal thresholds of KOA mice caused by combination operation. Motion map of combination operation of conditioning in the CPP test with CCI (E) and KOA mice (F). G,H are summary values of motion trajectories. Virus was injected 21 days before the behavior test. CNO (1 mg/kg) and salvinorin B (5 mg/kg) were administered once a day starting from the 8th to the 14th day in the CCI model and starting from the 15th to the 21st day in the KOA model. EA (1 mA and 0.1 ms) at 2 Hz was administered for 30 min. Once a day starting from the 8th to the 14th day in the CCI model and starting from the 15th to the 21st day in the KOA model, all behavior tests were completed 2 h after CNO administration. Control groups consisted of CCI or KOA mice injected with control virus and DREAD but without EA treatment. Data are expressed as means ± SEM (n = 12 in each group). In A–D, ^*p < 0.05, compared with control group; ^#p < 0.05, compared with the model group; In G,H,^*p < 0.05, compared with the bright box time duration percent before combination operation; ^#p < 0.05, compared with the dark box time duration percent before combination operation.