Table 1.

Scales of the HDLBQ with sample items.

Scales	My direct supervisor…	Items
Demanding leadership
Quantitative overload	… often puts me under time pressure.	3
Qualitative overload	… assigns me too much responsibility.	3
Development-oriented leadership
Complexity/variability	… assigns me tasks which require me to use various skills and capabilities.	3
Control	…hands over most of the planning, execution and checking of my work to me.	2
Participation	… takes up my ideas and suggestions.	3
Trust in employees’ abilities	… shows trust in my abilities and actions.	2
Support-oriented leadership
Instrumental support/information	…supports me in the work process when I have difficulties.	3
Clarity/transparency	…clarifies who is responsible for what.	3
Recognition/feedback	… lets me know how well I do my job.	2
Conflict management	… searches for solutions to conflicts with those involved.	2
Cooperation	… encourages the employees to support each other.	2
Career support	… supports the advancement of my career.	2
Integrity/fairness	… is open and honest with me.	3
Care	… asks me about my well-being.	2