Table 1.
Scales of the HDLBQ with sample items.
| Scales | My direct supervisor… | Items |
|---|---|---|
| Demanding leadership | ||
| Quantitative overload | … often puts me under time pressure. | 3 |
| Qualitative overload | … assigns me too much responsibility. | 3 |
| Development-oriented leadership | ||
| Complexity/variability | … assigns me tasks which require me to use various skills and capabilities. | 3 |
| Control | …hands over most of the planning, execution and checking of my work to me. | 2 |
| Participation | … takes up my ideas and suggestions. | 3 |
| Trust in employees’ abilities | … shows trust in my abilities and actions. | 2 |
| Support-oriented leadership | ||
| Instrumental support/information | …supports me in the work process when I have difficulties. | 3 |
| Clarity/transparency | …clarifies who is responsible for what. | 3 |
| Recognition/feedback | … lets me know how well I do my job. | 2 |
| Conflict management | … searches for solutions to conflicts with those involved. | 2 |
| Cooperation | … encourages the employees to support each other. | 2 |
| Career support | … supports the advancement of my career. | 2 |
| Integrity/fairness | … is open and honest with me. | 3 |
| Care | … asks me about my well-being. | 2 |