Table 1.
Studies investigating OCB in tears.
| Study | Country | Study population | Methodology (collection technique, gel type, separation technique, IgG visualization, stimulation of tearing) | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coyle and Sibony (10) | USA | 12 MS 20 controls | Glass capillary tubes, SDS-polyacrylamide gel, electrophoresis, silver staining, stimulation by onions/aromatic ammonia | OCB in tears from the involved eye in 4 patients with acute optic neuritis faint OCB in tears in 7 patients, 5 of them with history of optic neuritis no OCB in tears of 13 controls, no CSF-matching done |
| Coyle et al. (11) | USA | 24 MS 20 OD 15 controls | Glass capillary tubes, agarose gel, IEF, silver staining, stimulation by onions/aromatic ammonia | OCB in tears in 14 of 21 MS patients (“most not present in serum”) OCB in tears in 1 of 15 not neurological patients also present in serum (type 4) no OCB in tears of 11 controls, CSF OCB data for 6 MS patients |
| Mavra et al. (12) | UK | 28 MS 4 ON 30 OD | Glass capillary tubes, agarose gel, IEF, immunoperoxidase staining, stimulation by onions | no OCB in tears of any MS/ON patient OCB in tears in 1 of 30 other patients (type 2; neurosarcoidosis) CSF data for all but 8 patients |
| Liedtke et al. (13) | Germany | 38 MS 14 OD 23 controls | *Schirmer strip or capillary tubes, polyacrylamide gel, IEF, immunoperoxidase staining, stimulation by ammonia vapor in case of capillary tubes | no OCB in tears in 35 of 38 MS patients no OCB in tears in 0 of 13 other patients no OCB in tears in 19 of 21 controls only 17 cases with paired CSF and serum samples, not clearly assigned |
| Martino et al. (14) | Italy | 18 MS 17 OD | Glass capillary tubes, agarose gel, IEF, immunoperoxidase staining, stimulation by warm air flow | no OCB in tears in 16 of 18 MS patients (94% CSFOCB+), 1 MS patient with unique OCB in tears, 1 MS patient with OCB in tears also present in serum (type 4) OCB in tears in 3 of 17 other patients also present in serum (type 4) |
| Forzy et al. (15) | France | 66 MS 55 OD | Schirmer strip, agarose gel, IEF, silver staining, no stimulation | 27 of 37 MS patients with same result for OCB in tears and CSF (81 % CSFOCB+), 29 MS patients without CSF-matching |
| Devos et al. (16) | France | 63 MS 52 OD 13 OIND | Schirmer strip, agarose gel, IEF, silver staining, no stimulation | 48 of 60 MS patients with same result for OCB in tears and CSF (75% CSFOCB+) 44 of 50 OD patients with same result for OCB in tears and CSF (8% CSFOCB+) 10 of 13 OIND patients with same result for OCB in tears and CSF (31% CSFOCB+) (exclusion of 5 patients because of positive OCB in serum) |
| Calais et al. (17) | France | 82 CIS | Schirmer strip, agarose gel, IEF, immunoperoxidase staining, no stimulation | 54 of 69 CIS patients with same result for OCB in tears and CSF (64% CSFOCB+) (exclusion of 13 patients because of sample dilution) |
| Lebrun et al. (19) | France | 45 RIS | Schirmer strip, agarose gel, IEF, immunoperoxidase staining, no stimulation | 41 of 42 RIS patients with same result for OCB in tears and CSF (52% CSFOCB+) (exclusion of 3 patients because of insufficient material) |
MS, multiple sclerosis; ON, optic neuritis; OD, other disease or condition; OIND, other inflammatory neurological disease; CIS, clinically isolated syndrome; RIS, radiologically isolated syndrome; IEF, isoelectric focusing; CSFOCB+, evidence of OCB in CSF without corresponding OCB in paired serum. In (10–13) only incomplete or missing data on paired triplets of tears, CSF and serum exists. In (10–15) clear data to patient dropout because of missing material is lacking.