Table 1 –

Standard mean difference (SMD) in h-index between men (M) and women (F) in included studies.

Study	h-index by academic rank
	Overall SMD (95% CI), n (M; F)	Assistant professor SMD (95% CI), n (M; F)	Associate professor SMD (95% CI) n (M; F)	Full professor SMD (95% CI) n (M; F)
Khan et al. 2013 (neurosurgery)	0.13 (0.48–0.75), 188 (177; 11)	—	—	—
Lopez et al. 2014 (opthalmology)	0.75 (0.63–0.86), 1460 (1041; 419)	—	—	—
Tomei et al. 2014 (neurosurgery)	1.17 (0.95–1.39), 1052 (959; 93)	0.39 (0.09 to 0.58), 415 (366; 49)	0.137 (−0.253 to 0.526), 233 (204; 29)	0.160 (−0.355 to 0.676), 404 (389; 15)
Paik et al. 2014 (plastic surgery)	0.41 (0.16–0.65), 505 (426; 79)	—	—	0.625 (−0.203 to 1.453), 107 (101; 6)
Hill et al. 2015 (gynecologic oncology)	0.68 (0.50–0.87), 507 (292; 215)	0.42 (−0.13 to 0.13), 208 (77; 131)	−0.120 (−0.485 to 0.244), 120 (71; 49)	0.111 (−0.259 to 0.480), 179 (144; 35)
Martinez et al. 2015 (orthopedic surgery)	0.82 (0.30–1.35), 125 (108; 17)	—	—	—
Ence et al. 2016 (orthopedic surgery)	0.25 (0.15–0.36), 3509 (3128; 381)	0.00 (−0.13 to 0.13), 2036 (1773; 263)	—	—
Theratti et al. 2016 (plastic surgery)	0.60 (0.38–0.81), 592 (491; 101)	—	—	—
Geltzeiler et al. 2017 (colorectal surgery)	0.52 (0.20–0.84), 220 (171; 49)	—	—	—
Mayer et al. 2017 (urology)	0.26 (0.12–0.40), 1922 1686; 236)	0.19 (0.01 to 0.38), 744 (603; 141)	0.369 (0.058 to 0.679), 361 (315; 46)	0.387 (−0.017 to 0.791), 66 (41; 25)
Mueller et al. 2017 (multiple)	0.30 (0.01–0.64), 212 (160; 52)	0.42 (−0.08 to 0.92), 74 (51; 23)	0.545 (−0.148 to 1.238), 55 (45; 10)	0.255 (−0.274 to 0.785), 77 (59; 18)
Bastian et al. 2017 (orthopedic surgery)	—	0.23 (0.08 to 0.37), 976 (843; 133)	0.311 (0.004 to 0.618), 504 (459; 45)	0.045 (−0.414 to 0.504), 461 (442; 19)

In the studies mentioned in this table, men have higher h-index, which is reflected in a positive SMD.