Table 1:

Major trials demonstrating mortality benefit with medical therapy in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF)

Medication (Class)	Trial Name	Number of Patients Enrolled	Primary Outcome
Carvedilol (Beta Blocker)	CAPRICORN	1,959	All-cause mortality or hospital admission for cardiovascular problem
Metoprolol XL (Beta Blocker)	MERIT-HF	3,991	All-cause mortality
Trandolapril (ACE-inhibitor)	TRACE	1,749	All-cause mortality
Captopril (ACE-inhibitor)	SAVE	2,231	All-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality or morbidity
Ramipril (ACE-inhibitor)	AIRE	2,006	All-cause mortality
Losartan (ARB)	OPTIMAAL	5,477	All-cause mortality
Valsartan (ARB)	VALIANT	14,703	All-cause mortality
Eplerenone (MRA)	EPHESUS	6,632	All-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, heart failure hospitalizations, acute MI, stroke, or ventricular arrhythmias
Valsartan-Sacubitril (ARNI)	PARADIGM-HF	8,442	Composite death from cardiovascular cases or hospitalizations for heart failure

ACE-inhibitor = Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor; ARB = Angiotensin Receptor Blocker; MRA = Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists; ARNI = Angiotensin Receptor Neprilysin Inhibitor