Table 2.
Characteristics of included peer-reviewed articles.
| No. | First author | Objective | Population | Sampling technique | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Accessibility of system | |||||
| Cross-sectional | |||||
| 1. | Tuan, 2005 | To gather evidence about the availability and quality of the community health system in general, and private health services in particular | Health centres in one commune | Multistage stratified cluster | CHSs: n = 30 HC providers: n = 126 Private providers: n = 234 |
| 2. | Mendis, 2012 | To evaluate the capacity of primary care to implement basic interventions for prevention and management of major NCDs, including CVDs and diabetes | Health centres in one district | Random | n = 15 |
| 3. | Hoang, 2014 | To describe the primary care system in a selected rural area in Vietnam in terms of its current capacity for the prevention and control of chronic NCDs; collecting data on the current status of the six building blocks of the primary care system. | Health centres in one district | All centres | Districts centres: n = 2 CHSs: n = 18 |
| Literature review | |||||
| 4. | Hoang, 2009 | To report and discuss currently available evidence on economic aspects of chronic diseases in Vietnam | NA | NA | NA |
| 5. | Alwan, 2010 | To review the capacity of countries to respond to NCDs | NA | NA | NA |
| 6. | Abdul Rahman, 2015 | To discuss the growing problem of hypertension in the Asia-Pacific region, and to develop consensus recommendations to promote standards of care across the region | NA | NA | NA |
| Intervention | |||||
| 8. | Barzin, 2012 | To investigate a charity’s medical programme focusing on its impact on the public health system | Patients & HC providers | Non-random clinic recruitment | NS |
| 9. | Sundberg, 2012 | To describe an education and training programme for health practitioners in Vietnam on prescribing physical activity | HC providers | NS | NS |
| 10. | Islam, 2014 | Summary from a talk in the Symposium titles as: Health systems and NCDs in developing countries: experience from Vietnam | HC providers | NA | NA |
| 11. | Markuns, 2015 | To develop systems to effectively train, support and integrate competent primary care physicians for health systems as part of an effort to address human resource development of primary care staff. | HC providers | NA | NA |
| 12. | Do HTP, 2016 | To evaluate the effectiveness of the Eat Less Salt (ELS) intervention with a view to scaling up to a regional or national level | Adults aged 25–64 yr | Screening (non-random) | Baseline: n = 509 |
| Follow-up after 1yr | Follow-Up: n = 511 | ||||
| Therapeutic randomised trial | |||||
| 13. | Nguyen MH, 2012 | To investigate and examine the effects of Tai Chi on physical fitness, perceived health, blood pressure, and preventing falls among the elderly | Community-dwelling elderly 60–79 yr | Patients recruited, randomly divided to intervention & control groups | Intervention: n = 39 Control: n = 34 |
| 14. | Nguyen HL, 2017 | To report the results of a cluster-randomised feasibility trial at three months follow-up conducted in Hung Yen province, designed to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of two community-based interventions to improve hypertension control: a ‘storytelling’ intervention, ‘We Talk about Our Hypertension,’ and a didactic intervention | Adults ≥50yr living in 4 communes | Cluster randomisation Screening for all adults invited |
n = 331 |
| hypertensive patients | Follow-up after 3mo | Storytelling: n = 79 Didactic: n = 80 |
|||
| Ministry of Health (MoH) intervention | |||||
| 15. | Nguyen QN, 2011 | To summarise our approaches on how to implement a programme on hypertension management in rural commune in Vietnam, and to involve all related partners, and finding potential factors which could influence local people’s adherence | Community-based study Adults ≥25yr in one commune |
Random | n = 1,180 |
| hypertensive patients | Follow-up after 17mo | n = 469 | |||
| 16. | Nguyen QN, 2012 | To evaluate the impact of healthy lifestyle promotion campaign on CVD risk factors in the general population in the context of a community-based programme on hypertension management | Quasi-experimental study Adults ≥25yr in two communes |
Random in each commune (baseline vs. 3yr follow-up) | Intervention: n = 1,131 vs. n = 1,185 Reference: n = 1,162 vs. n = 1,190 |
| 17. | Lim, 2014 | To examine cases of innovation and identify critical success factors in NCD management in ASEAN | Review | NA | NA |
| Ability of population | |||||
| Cross-sectional | |||||
| 18. | Duong, 2003 | To determine the risks associated with hypertension in Vietnamese communities around Ho Chi Minh City | Adults living in one city | Non-random screening | n = 357 |
| 19. | Son, 2012 | To characterise the prevalence and distribution of hypertension, together with awareness, treatment and control in the general adult population (25 years and over) in Vietnam, with a view to providing a better evidence base for health planning. | Adults ≥25yr nationally | Multistage stratified cluster | n = 9,823 |
| 20. | Boas, 2012 | To study the prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension and the treatment of those diagnosed with hypertension | Adults aged ≥35yr in 6 communes | Randomised cluster | n = 1,621 |
| 21. | Ha DA, 2013 | To describe the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension, and to examine factors associated with these among the adult population residing in Thai Nguyen province, a mountainous northern region of Vietnam | Adults ≥25yr in one province | Multistage stratified cluster | n = 2,348 |
| 22. | Ha NT, 2014 | To measure quality of life among hypertensive people in a rural community in Vietnam, and its association with socio-demographic characteristics and factors related to treatment | hypertensive patients >50yr managed in one CHS | Random | n = 275 |
| 23. | Do HTP, 2015 | To present the national prevalence of pre-hypertension and hypertension and their determinants, as well as levels of awareness, treatment, and control, based on a large nationally representative sample of Vietnamese adults examined in 2005 | Adults 25–64 yr nationally | Multistage stratified cluster | n = 17,199 |
| 24. | Nguyen TPL, 2015 | To evaluate differences in health-state utilities related to characteristics of these patients to identify potential predictors using the Short-form 36 version 2TM (SF-36v2) questionnaire to collect data on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) | hypertensive patients <80yr | Non-random clinic recruitment | n = 691 |
| Modelling | |||||
| 25. | Nguyen QN, 2012 | To estimate the time trends in blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), and smoking status in adults Vietnamese population over a nine-year period and highlight the differences between men and women as well as the differences between urban and rural areas | Adults 25-74 yr nationally | 5 cross-sectional surveys (2 included in review) |
n = 23,563 |
| Qualitative | |||||
| 26. | Veith, 2016 | To identify the critical barriers facing patients with hypertension when trying to access care | hypertensive patients Physicians |
Non-random clinic recruitment | Patients: n = 89 Physicians: n = 3 |
| Cohort | |||||
| 27. | Nguyen TPL, 2017 | To (i) assess the level of adherence of hypertensive patients visiting CHSs in a rural area in Vietnam; (ii) examine the relationship between level of adherence and cardiovascular risk among hypertensive patients; and (iii) get a better understanding of adherence and factors influencing adherence among these patients | Adults aged 35–64 yr in 4 communes | Random | n = 3,779 |
| hypertensive patients | Follow-up for 1yr | Survey: n = 315 In-depth interviews: n = 18 |
|||
NCDs, non-communicable diseases; CVDs, cardiovascular diseases; CHSs, commune health stations; HC, health care.
NA: Not applicable; NS: Not specified.