Table 2. Summary of each included study.

Author Year	Targeted Country(s)	Targeted Setting	Targeted Population	Indicators Source	Validation Method	Type of Criteria/Indicators		No. of indicators	No. of MH indicators
						P/O	The used term
AGS 2015 [34]	USA	MS	Elderly	Literature review + older version [56]	DelphiM	P	PIM, DDI, DSI	231	125
Older versions Beers 1991 [54] Beers 1997 [55] Fick 2003 [40] AGS 2012 [56]
Al-Taweel 2017 [49]	International	MS	Adults with Bipolar disorder	Guidelines	NS consensus	P	Adherence to management guidelines	26	26
Alldred 2008 [61]	UK	LTC	Elderly	Guidelines + experience	NS consensus	P	Medication monitoring errors	25	3
Avery 2009 [17]	UK	Community	NS	NR	NR	P	Hazardous prescribing and inadequate monitoring	10	1
Barnett 2014 [62]	UK	Community	NS	Selected previously published studies	NS consensus	P	High risk prescribing	6	1
Barry 2016 [63]	UK and Ireland	Community	Paediatric	Literature review	DelphiM	P	PIP	12	0
Basger 2012 [64]	Australia	MS	Elderly	Older version [23]	RAM	P	DRPs (Prescribing appropriateness)	41	6
Older version Basger 2008 [23]
Castillo-Páramo 2013 [43]	Spain	Community	Elderly	STOPP / START 2008 [59]	RAM	P	PIM, PPO	86	21
Caughey 2014 [65]	Australia	Hospitals	NS	Literature review	RAMM		Preventable medication-related hospitalisations	29	1
Chang 2012 [66]	Taiwan	MS	Elderly	Selected previously published studies	DelphiM	P	PIM, DSI	182	68
Chen 2005 [67]	UK	Community	NS	Textbooks	NR	P	DDI, DSI	213	NR
Clyne 2013 [68]	Ireland	Community	Elderly	Selected previously published studies	NS consensus	P	PIP	39	14
Constantine 2013 [69]	USA	NS	All ages	Guidelines	Expert Panel	P	Unusual prescribing	12	10
Cooper 2014 [70]	UK and Ireland	NS	Middle aged	Selected previously published studies + Experience	Delphi	P	PIP	22	7
Desnoyer 2017 [71]	International	Hospitals	Adults	Literature review + Experience	Delphi	P	PIM	160	22
Desrochers 2011 [72]	Canada	Pharmacies	CKD patients	Literature review + Experience	RAM	P	DRPs	50	2
Dreischulte 2012 [73]	UK	Community	NS	Literature review	RAMM	P	High risk and suboptimal prescribing and monitoring	176	16
Elliott 2001 [74]	Australia	Hospitals	Elderly	Selected Previously published studies + Experience	Expert panel	P	PQ (Prescribing appropriateness)	19	3
Fernández Urrusuno 2013 [75]	Spain	Community	NS	Guidelines	NGT	P	PQ	14	1
Fialová 2013 [47]	Czech	NS	Elderly	Literature review	DelphiM	P	PIM, DSI	121	48
Fox 2016 [76]	UK	Hospitals	Paediatric	Thomas study [15] + Literature review + Local and national incidents + NPSA alerts	Delphi	P	PE (high risk prescribing)	41	0
Galán Retamal 2014 [77]	Spain	Hospitals	Elderly	Selected previously published studies	Delphi	P	PIM	50	15
Guerreiro 2007 [50]	Portugal	Community	NS	Selected previously published studies	Delphi	P	PDRM	35	4
Guthrie 2011 [11]	UK	Community	NS	Literature review	RAMM	P	High risk (Hazardous) prescribing	9	2
Hanora Lavan 2017 [78]	Ireland	MS	Elderly with Limited life expectancy	Literature review + Experience	Delphi	P	PIP or PIM	27	2
Harper 2014 [79]	USA	Hospitals	Paediatric	NR	NS consensus	P	DDI	19	7
Holmes 2008 [80]	USA	LTC	Palliative with advanced dementia	Textbooks	DelphiM	P	Medication appropriateness categories	54	54
Holt 2010 [45]	Germany	NS	Elderly	Literature review + selected previously published studies	DelphiM	P	PIM	83	51
Hurley 2005 [81]	USA	Community	Adults	Textbooks + FDA black box warnings + Guidelines	NR	P	Medication monitoring	24	11
Khodyakov 2017 [32]	USA	LTC	Elderly	STOPP/START 2015 [25]	DelphiM	P	PIM, PPO	24	9
Kim 2015 [82]	Korea	Community	NS	WHO-ATC classification + the Korean National Health Insurance criteria for pharmacy benefits + guidelines	Delphi	P	Duplication	33	0
Kim 2015 [83]	Korea	NS	Elderly	Selected previously published studies	Delphi	P	PIM (DSI)	26	18
Kim 2018 [84]	Korea	MS	Elderly	Selected previously published studies + Older version	DelphiM	P	PIM	110	54
Older version Kim 2010 [60]
Kojima 2016 [85]	Japan	NS	Elderly	Literature review	NS consensus	P	PIM, PPO	37	9
Kroger 2015 [86]	Canada	LTC	Patients with severe dementia	Literature Review	RAMM	P	Medication appropriateness categories	49	49
Laroche 2007 [87]	France	NS	Elderly	Literature review	Delphi	P	PIM	34	19
Lindblad 2006 [88]	USA	Community	Elderly	Literature Review	Delphi	P	DSI	28	19
Mackinnon 2002 [38]	USA and Canada	NS	Elderly	Literature Review	Delphi	O	PDRM	52	17
Maio 2010 [31]	Italy	Community	Elderly	Beers 2003 [40]	NGT	P	PIP	23	5
Malone 2004 [89]	USA	Pharmacies	NS	Literature Review + DDI resources	DelphiM	P	DDI	25	11
Mann 2012 [90]	Austria	MS	Elderly	PRISCUS preliminary list	DelphiM	P	PIM	73	37
Marzi 2018 [91]	Argentina	NS	Elderly	Literature review + selected previously published studies	Delphi	P	PIM	128	63
Mast 2015 [92]	Netherlands	Community	Elderly	Literature review + guidelines + experience	Delphi	P	DRPs	124	16
McLeod 1997 [93]	Canada	NS	Elderly	Textbooks + Beers 1991 [54]	DelphiM	P	PIP	38	14
Morris 2003 [94]	UK	Community	NS	Older version + Selected previously published studies	Delphi	O	PDRM	24	0
Older version Morris 2002 [57]
Nyborg 2015 [95]	Norway	LTC	Elderly	NORGEP criteria [96] + Literature review + Experience.	Delphi	P	PIM	34	17
O'Mahony 2015 [25]	Europe	MS	Elderly	Older version [59] + Literature review + Experience.	Delphi	P	PIM, PPO	114	25
Older version Gallagher 2008 [59]
Oborne 1997 [97]	UK	Hospitals	Elderly	Literature Review	Expert panel	P	Harmful and appropriate Prescribing	14	0
Oborne 2003 [98]	UK	LTC	Elderly	Selected previously published studies	NR	P	Harmful and Appropriate Prescribing	13	0
Okechukwu 2006 [99]	Ireland	Community	NS	Literature Review	NS consensus	P	PQ	11	1
Onder 2014 [44]	Italy	NS	Elderly	Literature Review	DelphiM	P	Poor Prescribing Quality	13	1
Onder 2014 [100]	International	MS	Complex Elderly	Literature review + Guidelines	NS consensus	P	Recommendations to Prescribe	19	0
Paton 2004 [22]	UK	Hospitals	Psychiatric patients	NR	NR	P	PQ	7	5
Pazan 2018 [101]	Europe	NS	Elderly	Older version [58]	Delphi	P	Medication appropriateness categories	264	63
Older version Kuhn-Thiel 2014 [58] Pazan 2016 [33]
Phansalkar 2011 [102]	USA	Pharmacies	NS	Selected previously published studies + Medications databases	NS consensus	P	DDI	15	7
Prot-labarthe 2014 [103]	France	NS	Paediatric	Literature Review	Delphi	P	PIM, PPO	102	9
Quintense 2019 [104]	Belgium	Hospitals	NS	Literature review + Guidelines	Expert panel	P	Clinical rules	78	8
Rancourt 2004 [41]	Canada	LTC	Elderly	Literature Review	DelphiM	P	PIP	111	53
Raebel 2006 [105]	USA	Community	NS	FDA black-box warnings + Guidelines + Experience	NR	P	Medication monitoring	12	2
Reabel 2007 [106]	USA	Community	Elderly	Selected previously published studies	Expert panel	P	PIM	11	5
Renom-Guiteras 2015 [46]	Europe	NS	Elderly	Selected previously published studies	Delphi	P	PIM	282	127
Robertson 2002 [107]	Canada	NS	Elderly	Mackinnon study [38] + Experience	Delphi and NGT	O	PDRM	52	15
Rognstad 2009 [96]	Norway	Community	Elderly	Literature Review + Experience	DelphiM	P	PIP (PIM, DDI)	36	22
Ruths 2003 [108]	Norway	LTC	Elderly	Literature Review + Guidelines + Experience	Expert panel	P	DRPs	17	7
Saverno 2011 [109]	USA	Pharmacies	NS	Literature Review + DDI references	Consensus among the researchers	P	DDI	13	1
Smits 2016 [110]	Netherlands	MS	CKD patients	Guidelines + Literature review	RAM	P	Optimal and unsafe prescribing	16	0
Solberg 2004 [111]	USA	Community	Adults	3 key DDI references	Expert panel	P	DDI	44	17
Spencer 2014 [10]	UK	Community	NS	Literature review + older version [21] + Textbooks	RAM	P	Hazardous prescribing and inadequate monitoring.	56	7
Older version Avery 2011 [21]
Tamblyn 1994 [112]	Canada	MS	Elderly	Literature Review + Experience + Textbooks	Expert panel	P	High risk prescribing and DDI	32	17
Thomas 2013 [15]	UK	Hospitals	NS	literature review + Experience	Delphi	P	PE (high risk prescribing)	80	18
Tjia 2010 [113]	USA	Community	Adults	Literature Review + FDA black-box warnings + Guidelines	DelphiM	P	Medication monitoring	61	13
Tommelein 2015 [48]	Belgium	Pharmacies	Elderly	Literature Review	RAM	P	PIP	83	18
Van der Linden 2014 [42]	Belgium	NS	Elderly	STOPP 2008 [59]	NS consensus	P	PIP	76	11
Van Dijk 2003 [114]	Netherlands	LTC	Elderly	NR	NR	P	Suboptimal prescribing	17	1
Wessell 2010 [39]	USA	Community	Adults	Literature Review	NS consensus	P	Prescribing and Monitoring errors	30	8
Williams 2005 [115]	Ireland	Community	NS	Literature Review	NS consensus	P	Harmful and Appropriate Prescribing	16	1
Winit Watjana 2008 [116]	Thailand	NS	Elderly	Literature Review + Textbooks	Delphi	P	High-risk medications, DDI and DSI	77	28
Yu 2011 [117]	USA	Hospitals	NS	Literature Review + Experience	DelphiM	P	Medication monitoring	24	1
Zhan 2001 [118]	USA	Community	Elderly	Beers 1997 [55]	DelphiM	P	PIM	33	17

ATC: The Anatomical, Therapeutic and Chemical. CKD: Chronic kidney disease. DDI: drug-drug interaction. DRPs: Drug related problems. DSI: drug-disease interaction. FDA: Food and Drug Administration. LTC: Long-term care. ^M: Modified. MH: Mental Health. NGT: Nominal group technique. NORGEP: The Norwegian General Practice. NPSA: National Patient Safety Agency. NR = not reported. NS = not specified. O = Outcome (outcome indicator is the consequences of provided healthcare). P = Process (process indicators comprises the care provided to the patients). P/O = Process/Outcome. PDRM: preventable drug related morbidity. PE: prescribing errors. PIM: potentially inappropriate medication. PIP: potentially inappropriate prescribing. PPO: potentially prescribing omission. PQ: prescribing quality. RAM: RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method. STOPP/START: Screening tool of older people's prescriptions and screening tool to alert to right treatment. UK: United Kingdom. USA: United States of America. WHO: World Health Organization.