Table 4.
Quality of life 2 years post-baseline
| Baseline | 16 weeks | 2 years | Baseline to 2 years | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Between-group differences Mean (95% CI) |
ES | |||
| European Organisation for Research and Cancer Treatment Quality of Life Questionnaire EORTC-QLQ-C30 | |||||||
| Global/quality of life | RT-HIIT | 63.60 ± 24.81 | 63.85 ± 19.88 | 71.01 ± 23.80 | RT-HIIT versus UC | − 2.22 (− 9.97, 5.53) | 0.00 |
| AT-HIIT | 66.67 ± 20.90 | 63.75 ± 20.29 | 75.13 ± 18.89 | AT-HIIT versus UC | 0.93 (− 6.94, 8.81) | 0.05 | |
| UC | 67.96 ± 21.89 | 59.52 ± 19.62 | 75.35 ± 18.87 | ||||
| Physical functioning | RT-HIIT | 89.52 ± 14.62 | 85.88 ± 16.31 | 91.48 ± 19.01 | RT-HIIT versus UC | 2.83 (− 2.89, 8.54) | 0.11 |
| AT-HIIT | 89.98 ± 11.41 | 85.86 ± 15.37 | 92.45 ± 11.12 | AT-HIIT versus UC | 3.78 (− 2.03, 9.59) | 0.15 | |
| UC | 87.55 ± 16.80 | 76.91 ± 20.22 | 87.86 ± 17.56 | ||||
| Emotional functioning | RT-HIIT | 67.61 ± 25.71 | 72.30 ± 22.92 | 72.30 ± 22.92 | RT-HIIT versus UC | 1.55 (− 6.20, 9.30) | 0.40 |
| AT-HIIT | 74.42 ± 18.94 | 79.86 ± 16.19 | 79.86 ± 16.19 | AT-HIIT versus UC | 6.44 (− 1.42, 14.31) | 0.49 | |
| UC | 74.48 ± 23.96 | 69.35 ± 26.26 | 69.30 ± 26.03 | ||||
| Role functioning | RT-HIIT | 59.55 ± 34.62 | 70.83 ± 28.27 | 87.93 ± 23.10 | RT-HIIT versus UC | 6.19 (− 4.19, 16.57) | 0.31 |
| AT-HIIT | 67.61 ± 30.55 | 71.39 ± 26.59 | 90.74 ± 16.71 | AT-HIIT versus UC | 5.96 (− 4.57, 16.49) | 0.16 | |
| UC | 69.13 ± 28.47 | 54.46 ± 34.16 | 87.50 ± 22.13 | ||||
| Cognitive functioning | RT-HIIT | 77.08 ± 25.88 | 78.19 ± 20.82 | 76.14 ± 26.88 | RT-HIIT versus UC | − 3.56 (− 11.41, 4.29) | − 0.20 |
| AT-HIIT | 81.39 ± 20.60 | 79.72 ± 19.91 | 82.39 ± 15.98 | AT-HIIT versus UC | − 0.65 (− 8.63, 7.33) | − 0.14 | |
| UC | 77.59 ± 25.59 | 69.94 ± 27.42 | 81.90 ± 19.98 | ||||
| Social functioning | RT-HIIT | 65.01 ± 29.71 | 61.76 ± 48.79 | 80.72 ± 26.65 | RT-HIIT versus UC | 2.32 (− 8.73, 13.37) | 0.11 |
| AT-HIIT | 72.91 ± 24.26 | 72.78 ± 24.92 | 87.02 ± 19.06 | AT-HIIT versus UC | 3.27 (− 7.94,14.48) | 0.06 | |
| UC | 71.22 ± 30.20 | 62.20 ± 28.34 | 83.68 ± 25.84 | ||||
| Fatigue | RT-HIIT | 39.51 ± 29.74 | 37.58 ± 24.51 | 24.10 ± 23.17 | RT-HIIT versus UC | − 4.77 (− 13.53, 4.00) | − 0.13 |
| AT-HIIT | 35.54 ± 23.28 | 38.52 ± 24.84 | 21.76 ± 20.11 | AT-HIIT versus UC | − 5.48 (− 14.38, 3.43) | − 0.08 | |
| UC | 36.03 ± 27.19 | 48.81 ± 25.58 | 24.27 ± 20.21 | ||||
| Nausea and vomiting | RT-HIIT | 13.12 ± 16.43 | 5.15 ± 10.49 | 5.78 ± 11.94 | RT-HIIT versus UC | − 0.79 (− 6.70, 5.11) | − 0.21 |
| AT-HIIT | 12.99 ± 18.15 | 5.83 ± 12.21 | 2.48 ± 9.95 | AT-HIIT versus UC | − 3.96 (− 9.96, 2.04) | − 0.38 | |
| UC | 8.28 ± 16.94 | 8.04 ± 21.08 | 4.52 ± 16.04 | ||||
| Pain | RT-HIIT | 21.62 ± 24.82 | 21.32 ± 25.08 | 15.56 ± 19.23 | RT-HIIT versus UC | − 7.66 (− 17.03, 1.70) | − 0.39 |
| AT-HIIT | 15.48 ± 22.40 | 16.95 ± 20.47 | 15.14 ± 21.04 | AT-HIIT versus UC | − 6.56 (− 16.07, 2.95) | − 0.17 | |
| UC | 17.32 ± 26.24 | 27.38 ± 29.89 | 21.21 ± 26.77 | ||||
| Dyspnoea | RT-HIIT | 24.78 ± 27.29 | 35.29 ± 29.86 | 20.65 ± 22.35 | RT-HIIT versus UC | 0.73 (− 9.61, 11.07) | 0.07 |
| AT-HIIT | 22.25 ± 22.46 | 37.22 ± 28.19 | 22.17 ± 25.05 | AT-HIIT versus UC | 3.06 (− 7.69, 12.36) | 0.24 | |
| UC | 28.07 ± 25.54 | 44.05 ± 29.89 | 22.16 ± 23.13 | ||||
| Insomnia | RT-HIIT | 37.01 ± 29.80 | 31.37 ± 31.48 | 29.87 ± 32.27 | RT-HIIT versus UC | 1.25 (− 10.05, 12.55) | 0.07 |
| AT-HIIT | 31.85 ± 25.59 | 26.11 ± 30.74 | 29.00 ± 25.96 | AT-HIIT versus UC | 2.76 (− 8.72, 14.24) | 0.23 | |
| UC | 34.39 ± 31.79 | 39.88 ± 35.63 | 25.24 ± 28.42 | ||||
| Appetite loss | RT-HIIT | 19.51 ± 28.89 | 13.73 ± 24.59 | 7.17 ± 17.39 | RT-HIIT versus UC | − 3.14 (− 12.03, 5.75) | − 0.16 |
| AT-HIIT | 24.50 ± 26.70 | 20.00 ± 26.89 | 4.32 ± 13.02 | AT-HIIT versus UC | − 8.57 (− 17.64, 0.50) | − 0.48 | |
| UC | 14.81 ± 22.94 | 19.05 ± 27.60 | 6.60 ± 17.78 | ||||
| Constipation | RT-HIIT | 21.34 ± 27.88 | 10.78 ± 22.63 | 10.76 ± 21.39 | RT-HIIT versus UC | − 1.00 (− 9.67, 7.67) | − 0.08 |
| AT-HIIT | 21.44 ± 27.09 | 12.22 ± 21.23 | 9.23 ± 19.83 | AT-HIIT versus UC | − 1.74 (− 10.56, 7.07) | − 0.14 | |
| UC | 19.17 ± 27.23 | 14.88 ± 24.55 | 8.83 ± 19.82 | ||||
| Diarrhoea | RT-HIIT | 14.33 ± 22.49 | 8.82 ± 19.63 | 6.89 ± 19.50 | RT-HIIT versus UC | 2.32 (− 5.80, 10.45) | 0.12 |
| AT-HIIT | 13.15 ± 22.87 | 18.89 ± 28.37 | 4.91 ± 11.89 | AT-HIIT versus UC | 1.21 (− 7.05, 9.47) | 0.09 | |
| UC | 15.81 ± 23.85 | 8.33 ± 17.12 | 5.54 ± 14.29 | ||||
| Financial difficulties | RT-HIIT | 21.44 ± 31.64 | 25.00 ± 35.21 | 13.78 ± 31.23 | RT-HIIT versus UC | 1.87 (− 7.83, 11.57) | 0.19 |
| AT-HIIT | 16.54 ± 26.85 | 22.78 ± 34.98 | 4.94 ± 15.06 | AT-HIIT versus UC | − 3.21 (− 13.07, 6.65) | 0.01 | |
| UC | 21.62 ± 33.05 | 19.05 ± 33.55 | 7.79 ± 22.20 | ||||
SD standard deviation, CI confidence interval, EORTC-QLQ-C30 European Organisation for Research and Cancer Treatment Quality of Life Questionnaire, RT-HIIT resistance training and high-intensity interval exercise group, AT-HIIT moderate-intensity and high-intensity interval training group, UC usual care, ES effect size
*p < 0.05