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. 2019 May 24;9:7811. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-44204-4

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Morphogenesis of the epidermis and dermis in FTMs under hypoxia. Expression of protein biomarkers of proliferation (Ki67), early differentiation (K10), late and terminal differentiation (involucrin, loricrin, filaggrin), epidermal cell activation (K16 and K17), deposition of basement membrane (collagen type IV and laminin 332), fibroblasts distribution (vimentin) and fibroblasts stress signaling (alpha smooth muscle actin). Protein expression is shown in FTMs developed under normoxia or hypoxia and in NHS. Nuclei are counterstained blue using hematoxylin or DAPI, yellow dotted line indicates dermal-epidermal junction. Scale bar indicates 100 μm. Proliferation index is indicated by mean + s.d.