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. 2019 May 24;9:7822. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-44216-0

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Path diagrams against plasma glucose levels and HOMA-IR levels. Path models theoretically proposed to clarify the contribution of BNP and noradrenaline to glucose as well as to HOMA-IR levels in ACS subjects (n = 216) (Path model A and C, respectively) and in non-ACS subjects (n = 856) (Path model B and D, respectively). Each path has a coefficient showing the standardized coefficient of a regressing independent variable on a dependent variable of the relevant path. These variables indicate standardized regression coefficients (direct effect) [underlined portions indicate remarkable values], squared multiple correlations [narrow italics] and correlations among exogenous variables [green]. ACS = acute coronary syndrome; BNP = B-type natriuretic peptide; e = extraneous variable; HbA1c = hemoglobin A1c; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; NorAd = noradrenaline.