Table 1.
Nano- and micro-particle immunotherapeutic drug delivery systems for the treatment of cancer.
| Particle Formulation | Particle Diameter (nm) | Immunomodulatory Reagent (Encapsulation Efficiency) | Cancer Model | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liposome (Doxil) | ~100 | Doxorubicin (98–100%) [113] | CT26, MCA205 | (Rios-Doria et al. 2015) |
| Polymeric (PEG-PLGA) | ~100 | Oxaliplatin (20–30%) | PANC-1 | (Zhao et al. 2016) |
| Polymeric (PLGA) | ~100 | ICG, R837 (R837 80–90%, ICG n/a) | 4T1, C26T | (Chen et al. 2016) |
| Polymeric (Nanoscale coordination polymer) | ~50 | Oxaliplatin, pyropheophorbide conjugate (n/a) | MC38 and CT26 | (He et al. 2016) |
| Polymeric (Surface-modified PLGA) | 50–100 | Amine-PEG, DOTAP, maleimide-PEG, mPEG (n/a) | B16.F10 | (Min et al. 2017) |
| Polymeric (Carboxyl-terminated PS) | ~45 | Anti-HER2 antibody, CRT (~1%) | HER2high E0771/E2, HER2neg E0771 | (Yuan et al. 2017) |
| Polymeric (PLGA) | 500–700 | CpG (2–11.5%) | B16.F10, RM11 | (Ahmed et al. 2017) |
| Liposome | ~100 | DOTAP (n/a) | TC-1, BL6 | (Chen et al. 2008) |
| Polymeric (Eudragit® RL and RS) | ~130 and ~430 | Eudragit® RL and RS (n/a) | C26 | (Shetab Boushehri et al. 2018) |
| Polymeric (Varied polyanhydride copolymers) | ~1000 | CPTEG:CPH, CPH:SA, CpG (OVA: 25–47%) | E.G7-OVA | (Wafa et al. 2017) |
| Polymeric (PCL-PEG, PLGA-PEG) | ~150 to ~200 | (Poly I:C), CpG (60–84% antigen, 47–78% adjuvant) | B16.F10 | (Silva et al. 2015) |
| Liposome | 750–1500 and 60 | IL-2 (83–99%) | B16.F10 | (Kedar et al. 2000) |
| Liposome | ~100 | IL-2-Fc, αCD137 (n/a) | B16.F10 | (Zhang et al. 2018) |
| Liposome | ~160 | cGAMP (~20%) | B16.F10 | (Koshy et al. 2017) |
| Liposome | 150 | cdGMP (n/a) | E.G7-OVA | (Hanson et al. 2015) |
| Polymeric (chitosan) | ~250 | poly I:C (OVA: 50%, poly I:C: 70%) | TC-1 | (Han et al. 2016) |
| Polymeric (Cationized gelatin) | ~250 | CpG (n/a) | B16-OVA | (Bourquin et al. 2008) |
| Polymeric (Pluronic-stabilized PPS) | 30 | CpG (n/a) | B16.F10 | (Thomas et al. 2014) |
| Polymeric (Polyketal) | 1000–5000 | CpG (n/a) | LLC1 | (Sato et al. 2015) |
| Lipid-calcium phosphate | 30 | CpG (Trp-2: ~60%, CpG: ~40%) | B16.F10 | (Xu et al. 2013) |