Table 2.
Subgroup analysis of the relationship of frailty and post-operative complications
| Items | No. of studies | Risk ratio (95% CI) | Heterogeneity | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| P value | I2 | |||
| Total | 11 | 1.6 (1.20, 2.13) | 0.001 | 65% |
| Location | ||||
| America | 7 | 1.65 (1.15, 2.38) | 0.0005 | 75% |
| Asia | 3 | 2.14 (1.18, 3.87) | 0.43 | 0% |
| Type of surgery | ||||
| cardiac surgery | 4 | 1.64 (0.96, 2.81) | 0.08 | 55% |
| Non-cardiac surgery | 6 | 1.59 (1.07, 2.37) | 0.02 | 62% |
| Study sample | ||||
| <100 | 4 | 2.48 (1.60, 3.85) | 0.53 | 0% |
| ≥100 | 7 | 1.39 (1.01, 1.91) | 0.003 | 70% |
| Type of complication | ||||
| Cardiac events | 4 | 1.64 (0.96, 2.81) | 0.08 | 55% |
| Defined by NSQIP | 2 | 2.06 (0.91, 4.69) | 0.10 | 62% |
| Defined by Clavien-Dindo | 2 | 1.62 (0.68, 3.83) | 0.03 | 78% |
| Follow-up period | ||||
| In-hospital or 30 days after surgery | 8 | 1.59 (1.18, 2.15) | 0.17 | 32% |
| ≥1 year result | 1 | 2.41 (1.78, 3.25) | N/A | N/A |
| Statistical analysis | ||||
| Adjusted data | 3 | 0.77 (0.04, 1.51) | 0.255 | 26.8% |
| Unadjusted data | 7 | 1.22 (1.05, 1.43) | 0.16 | 35% |