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. 2019 May 24;50:40. doi: 10.1186/s13567-019-0658-7

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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CpxR facilitates interbacterial competition of APEC in vitro. The indicated APEC donor and recipient strains were co-incubated at a ratio of 5:1, as shown by the dashed line. After incubation for 6 h at 30 °C, the donor and recipient strains were recovered. The competition outcomes between donor and recipient strains were calculated and are shown. A, B The interbacterial competition activities of wild-type, mutant and complemented strains were compared. C The interbacterial competition activity was also measured in the wild-type and mutant strains with NlpE overexpression. Statistical significance was assessed by using one-way ANOVA. (*P < 0.05; **P < 0.01).