Table 6.

Previously reported prevalence of T-OLF and DISH

Type	Authors/reported year	Country	Race	Sample Size	Modality	Prevalence rate
						M (%)	F (%)	T (%)
T-OLF	Guo et al. [9]/2010	China	Asian	1736	MRI, CT	2.1	4.87	3.8
	Mori et al. [29]/2013	Japan	Asian	3013	Chest CT	38	33.9	36
	Lang et al. [10]/2013	China	Asian	993	Chest CT	68.5	59	63.9
	Moon et al. [31]/2015	Korea	Asian	2134	MRI	13.7	19	16.9
	Fujimori et al. [16]/2016	Japan	Asian	1500	PETCT	15	7.7	12
	Kim et al. [4]/2018	Korea	Asian	4999	Chest CT	23	20.1	21.8
	Present study	China	Asian	2000	PETCT	36.10	40.75	37.65
DISH	Julkunen et al. [41]/1975	Finland	White	8993	Chest x-ray	3.8	2.6	2.6
	Cassim et al. [42]/1990	South Africa	African	1500	Chest x-ray	3.8	4.2	3.9
	Weinfeld et al. [43]/1997	USA	Mixed race	2364	Chest x-ray	25	15	NA
	Kiss et al. [44]/2002	Hungary	White	635	x-ray	27.3	12.8	19.8
	Kim et al. [45]/2004	Korea	Asian	3595	Chest x-ray	5.4	0.8	2.9
	Westerveld et al. [46]/2008	Netherlands	White	501	Chest x-ray	22.7	12.1	17
	Kagotani et al. [6]/2015	Japan	Asian	1647	Whole spine x-ray	22	4.8	11
	Hirasawa et al. [47]/2016	Japan	Asian	558	Chest-pelvis CT	38.7	13.9	27.2
	Fujimori et al. [16]/2016	Japan	Asian	1500	PETCT	16	6.2	12
	Mori et al. [48]/2017	Japan	Asian	3013	Chest CT	13	2.5	8.7
	Hiyama et al. [49]/2018	Japan	Asian	1479	Whole spine CT	21.1	16	19.5
	Present study	China	Asian	2000	PETCT	4.87	1.80	3.85

T total, M male, F female, T-OLF ossification of the ligamentum flavum of the thoracic spine, DISH diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis, CT computed tomography, NA not available, PETCT, positron emission tomography and computed tomography, MRI magnetic resonance imaging