Fig. 5.

Differential expression of macrophage-specific genes and pathway in combination treatment compared with anti-CTLA-4 antibody control. (A) Differential gene expression profiling was performed by Nanostring analysis. Volcano plot was made in Prism and illustrates the log2-fold change in gene expression (anti-CTLA-4+Pam3CSK4 vs. anti-CTLA-4) on the x axis and P values on the y axis. Top 20 up-regulated genes are colored red, and down-regulated genes are in blue. (B) Graph shows category scores and 10 most up-regulated pathways, which were determined by IPA “Core analysis.” Ratio refers to the number of molecules from the dataset that map to the pathways listed divided by the total number of molecules that define the canonical pathway from within the IPA knowledgebase. Threshold (dotted line) is set at 1.3 and indicates the minimum significance level, which is scored as −log(P value) from Fisher’s exact test.