Figure 5.

Effects of empagliflozin on renal expressions of TGF-β (A), collagen type IV (B), and fibronectin (C). A to C: Total RNAs extracted from the renal tissues of Control, Diab, and EMP rats were transcribed into complementary cDNA. Quantitative real-time PCR was conducted. Data were normalized by the intensities obtained for GAPDH house-keeping gene. TGF-β, transforming growth factor beta; GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Control, healthy control rats; Diab, diabetic control rats; EMP, diabetic rats treated with empagliflozin. A to C ***P<0.01 vs Control group. ©©©P<0.01 vs Diab rats, respectively. n=8 for all groups