. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Jun 1.

Published in final edited form as: Magn Reson Med. 2019 Feb 25;81(6):3675–3690. doi: 10.1002/mrm.27684

Table 4:

Volunteer (n=20) and patient (n=11) Peak Flow and Net Flow over all planes with corresponding % change in CS values relative to conventional 4D flow.

Volunteers (n=20)
	Peak Flow (mL/s)
	Root^*	AAo1^*	AAo2^*	Arch1^*	Arch2^*	Arch3^*	DAo1^*	DAo2^*	DAo3^*
GRAPPA R = 2	428 ± 98	426 ± 96	393 ± 92	379 ± 94	257 ± 55	270 ± 65	265 ± 57	268 ± 63	249 ± 58
CS R=7.7	393 ± 82	412 ± 90	378 ± 85	345 ± 81	237 ± 53	245 ± 557	243 ± 53	237 ± 58	222 ± 50
% Change in CS	−7.6 ± 5.6	−2.9 ±6.7	−3.5 ± 7.1	−8.7 ± 4.9	−7.8 ± 6.8	−9.0 ± 6.7	−8.4 ± 6.4	−11.6 ± 6.2	−10.6 ± 5.1
	Net Flow (mL/s)
	Root	AAo1	AAo2	Arch1^*	Arch2	Arch3	DAo1	DAo2^*	DAo3
GRAPPA R = 2	82 ± 17	83 ± 17	84 ± 18	79 ± 18	51 ± 12	53 ± 13	53 ± 12	55 ± 13	53 ± 13
CS R=7.7	83 ± 16	86 ± 17	86 ± 16	77 ± 17	50 ± 11	52 ± 13	52 ± 12	53 ± 12	53 ± 12
% Change in CS	1.7 ± 7.6	3.3 ± 8.2	3.5 ± 7.6	−2.1 ± 5.0	−1.6 ± 10.1	−0.8 ± 7.3	−1.7 ± 6.9	−2.9 ± 5.4	−0.6 ± 5.9

Patients (n=11)
	Peak Flow (mL/s)
	Root	AAo1	AAo2	Arch1^*	Arch2^*	Arch3	DAo1^*	DAo2^*	DAo3^*
GRAPPA R = 2	444 ± 141	426 ± 109	426 ± 119	405 ± 102	248 ± 63	260 ± 67	269 ± 85	260 ± 74	253 ± 78
CS R=7.7	449 ± 145	436 ± 113	441 ± 107	370 ± 92	231 ± 63	257 ± 66	244 ± 75	236 ± 70	219 ± 71
% Change in CS	1.1 ± 9.2	6.2 ± 10.4	7.2 ± 11.5	−6.3 ± 7.0	−5.9 ± 7.6	1.4 ± 10.7	−5.8 ± 5.5	−6.8 ± 6.9	−10.2 ± 9.4
	Net Flow (mL/s)
	Root	AAo1^*	AAo2^*	Arch1	Arch2^*	Arch3	DAo1	DAo2	DAo3
GRAPPA R = 2	82 ± 17	80 ± 21	81 ± 22	79 ± 18	48 ± 11	46 ± 9	47 ± 10	49 ± 10	49 ± 10
CS R=7.7	77 ± 27	86 ± 27	90 ± 26	74 ± 19	44 ± 94	48 ± 9	45 ± 8	48 ± 11	49 ± 12
% Change in CS	1.4 ± 12.5	7.1 ± 12.4	13.1 ± 20.5	−6.1 ± 9.8	−7.7 ± 8.9	3.6 ± 11.9	−3.7 ± 7.5	−1.0 ± 7.6	0.9 ± 8.1

^(*)

indicates significant differences between CS accelerated and conventional 4D flow MRI (p<0.05). AAo = Ascending Aorta, Dao = Descending Aorta.