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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 May 26.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Med. 2018 Dec 6;24(12):1795–1803. doi: 10.1038/s41591-018-0271-8

Figure 1. The mammalian circadian clock.

Figure 1

An overview of rhythmic functions which are critically controlled by the human circadian pacemaker are outlined. Time of day is indicated for peak endocrine functions, deepest sleep, metabolic control, immune responses, alertness, and cardiovascular parameters over the 24-hour cycle. Information was adapted from several references96–99.