Table 3.
Factors associated with prevalent HIV among young FSW aged 18–24 in Zimbabwe, 2016 (N = 503)
| Characteristic | N (%) | Number of young female sex-workers tested HIV-positive during the survey (n = 173) n (%) | Crude OR (95% CI) | P-value | Age adjusted OR (95% CI) | P-value | Adjusteda OR (95% CI) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at time of survey | 0.029 | 0.035 | ||||||
| 18–19 | 51 (12.5) | 12 (20.7) | 1 | 1 | ||||
| 20–24 | 451 (87.5) | 161 (38.0) | 3.06 (1.12–8.38) | 3.09 (1.09–8.81) | ||||
| Marital status | 0.013 | 0.036 | 0.060 | |||||
| Never married | 176 (33.0) | 41 (23.7) | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Ever married | 326 (67.0) | 132 (41.9) | 2.10 (1.17–3.77) | 1.88 (1.04–3.39) | 1.77 (0.98–3.21) | |||
| Highest level of education | 0.025 | 0.012 | 0.031 | |||||
| Primary school or less | 105 (24.7) | 47 (47.4) | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Some secondary school | 206 (41.4) | 76 (36.3) | 0.66 (0.33–1.30) | 0.68 (0.34–1.34) | 0.69 (0.35–1.36) | |||
| Complete secondary or higher | 191 (33.9) | 50 (26.9) | 0.45 (0.22–0.90) | 0.41 (0.20–0.83) | 0.46 (0.22–0.94) | |||
| Number of children | 0.462 | |||||||
| 0 | 141 (31.7) | 54 (41.9) | 1 | |||||
| 1–2 | 294 (55.0) | 96 (32.1) | 0.61 (0.34–1.10) | |||||
| ≥ 3 | 67 (13.3) | 23 (37.3) | 0.89 (0.37–2.14) | |||||
| Duration in sex work | 0.302 | |||||||
| 0–2 | 240 (49.8) | 83 (38.1) | 1 | |||||
| 3–4 | 175 (33.7) | 56 (36.2) | 0.92 (0.51–1.67) | |||||
| ≥ 5 | 87 (16.5) | 34 (28.4) | 0.66 (0.32–1.35) | |||||
| Number of clients in the last week | 0.068 | 0.043 | 0.090 | |||||
| 0–4 | 202 (41.5) | 56 (28.9) | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| 5–9 | 152 (28.3) | 55 (37.7) | 1.60 (0.84–3.05) | 1.58 (0.82–3.04) | 1.45 (0.74–2.85) | |||
| ≥ 10 | 148 (30.2) | 62 (43.8) | 1.79 (0.94–3.44) | 1.88 (1.01–3.51) | 1.70 (0.90–3.22) | |||
| Condom use at last sex with steady partner | 0.635 | |||||||
| No | 165 (49.5) | 54 (29.1) | 1 | |||||
| Yes | 149 (50.5) | 48 (32.5) | 1.18 (0.59–2.38) | |||||
| Condom-less sex with steady partner in the past month | 0.165 | |||||||
| No | 94 (33.7) | 33 (37.3) | 1 | |||||
| Yes | 220 (66.3) | 69 (27.6) | 0.58 (0.27–1.25) | |||||
| Condom use at last sex with client | 0.96 | |||||||
| No | 12 (3.0) | 3 (33.6) | 1 | |||||
| Yes | 489 (97.0) | 169 (35.6) | 1.05 (0.15–6.03) | |||||
| Condom-less sex with client in the past month | 0.277 | |||||||
| No | 244 (49.6) | 77 (36.6) | 1 | |||||
| Yes | 227 (50.4) | 80 (32.5) | 0.73 (0.41–1.29) | |||||
| Experience of physical violence from steady partner | 0.917 | |||||||
| No | 269 (57.3) | 87 (36.2) | 1 | |||||
| Yes | 233 (42.7) | 86 (35.4) | 0.97 (0.58–1.63) | |||||
| Experience of physical violence from client | 0.944 | |||||||
| No | 356 (73.0) | 114 (35.7) | 1 | |||||
| Yes | 146 (27.0) | 59 (36.4) | 1.08 (0.54–1.77) | |||||
| Ever forced to have sexual intercourse | 0.523 | |||||||
| No | 458 (90.0) | 154 (35.5) | 1 | |||||
| Yes | 44 (10.0) | 19 (39.4) | 1.32 (0.57–3.06) | |||||
| Alcohol use in the past 12 months | 0.699 | |||||||
| Never | 150 (31.3) | 46 (36.0) | 1 | |||||
| Once a month or less | 38 (6.5) | 12 (45.0) | 1.61 (0.50–5.17) | |||||
| 2–4 times per month | 55 (10.6) | 16 (20.2) | 0.50 (0.20–1.24) | |||||
| 2–3 times per week | 129 (27.2) | 47 (35.4) | 1.09 (0.54–2.22) | |||||
| 4 or more times per week | 130 (24.4) | 52 (40.4) | 1.20 (0.58–2.48) | |||||
| No food for one day in the past month | 0.376 | |||||||
| No | 344 (67.6) | 120 (37.4) | 1 | |||||
| Yes | 158 (32.4) | 53 (32.7) | 0.78 (0.45–1.35) | |||||
| Relationship with other FSW in one’s location | 0.499 | |||||||
| Good | 331 (62.7) | 110 (35.2) | 1 | |||||
| Neither good nor bad | 144 (32.8) | 53 (35.5) | 1.12 (0.62–2.02) | |||||
| Bad or no relationship | 27 (4.5) | 10 (47.2) | 1.94 (0.64–5.91) | |||||
| No. of FSW who are close friends | 0.201 | |||||||
| ≤ 1 | 188 (35.1) | 70 (36.8) | 1 | |||||
| 2–3 | 212 (46.1) | 77 (40.8) | 1.26 (0.68–2.31) | |||||
| ≥ 4 | 102 (18.8) | 26 (22.0) | 0.47 (0.21–1.05) | |||||
| Symptoms of common mental disorder | 0.795 | |||||||
| No | 352 (70.3) | 121 (36.3) | 1 | |||||
| Yes | 148 (29.7) | 51 (34.8) | 0.93 (0.52–1.65) |
aAdjusted for age, marital status, highest level of education and number of clients in the last week