TABLE 2.
Unadjusted week 20 hemoglobin, RBP, and anthropometric outcomes1
| FBF | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No intervention | WSC2 | CSB14 | CSB+ | RSC | WSC1 | WSS | |
| 6–23 mo old | |||||||
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 10.2 ± 1.4a | 11.1 ± 1.5b,+ | 11.3 ± 1.5b,+ | 10.6 ± 1.5a,b,+ | 11.1 ± 1.4b,+ | 11.1 ± 1.7a,b,+ | 10.9 ± 1.6a,b,+ |
| RBP, ng/dL | 31.5 ± 17.2a | 33.3 ± 17.5a | 26.0 ± 14.5b | 33.1 ± 17.2a | 38.5 ± 15.4c | 28.3 ± 16.4a,b | 30.1 ± 16.5a |
| Weight, kg | 9.7 ± 2.0a,+ | 9.9 ± 1.6a,b,+ | 10.1 ± 2.2a,b,+ | 10.0 ± 1.7a,b,+ | 10.4 ± 1.7b,+ | 10.3 ± 1.4a,b,+ | 10.0 ± 1.5a,b,+ |
| Length, cm | 77.4 ± 5.7+ | 77.3 ± 5.3+ | 78.0 ± 5.7+,* | 78.6 ± 5.9+ | 79.0 ± 6.0+ | 78.7 ± 5.0+ | 78.2 ± 5.3+ |
| MUAC, cm | 14.2 ± 1.4 | 1.41 ± 1.1 | 14.3 ± 1.2 | 14.0 ± 1.1 | 14.3 ± 1.0 | 14.4 ± 1.1 | 14.2 ± 1.1 |
| WAZ | −1.2 ± 1.2a | −0.9 ± 1.2a,b,+ | −0.8 ± 1.1b | −1.0 ± 1.1a,b | −0.6 ± 1.1b | −0.8 ± 1.0a,b | −1.2 ± 1.2a |
| HAZ | −2.0 ± 1.2a | −1.8 ± 1.2a,b | −1.7 ± 1.1a,b | −1.6 ± 1.1a,b | −1.4 ± 1.1b | −1.8 ± 1.0a,b | −2.2 ± 1.3a |
| WHZ | −0.2 ± 1.1a | 0.1 ± 0.9a,b | 0.2 ± 0.9a,b | −0.2 ± 1.1a | 0.2 ± 1.0b | 0.1 ± 1.0a,b | 0.0 ± 1.1a,b |
| 24–53 mo old | |||||||
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 11.3 ± 1.7+ | 11.1 ± 1.8+ | 11.5 ± 1.7+ | 11.0 ± 1.7 | 11.4 ± 1.5+ | 11.1 ± 2.0+ | 11.5 ± 1.7+ |
| RBP, ng/dL | 31.2 ± 16.4a | 35.8 ± 15.4b | 26.3 ± 15.7c | 32.8 ± 16.4a,b | 37.2 ± 15.7a,b | 30.5 ± 16.5a | 30.9 ± 15.4a |
| Weight, kg | 13.0 ± 2.1 | 13.5 ± 2.1 | 12.9 ± 1.8 | 13.0 ± 2.2 | 13.4 ± 2.2 | 12.8 ± 1.9 | 12.7 ± 1.9 |
| Length, cm | 90.5 ± 7.2 | 91.9 ± 6.7+ | 89.8 ± 7.1+ | 90.8 ± 8.2+ | 91.8 ± 7.6 | 91.0 ± 6.3+ | 90.3 ± 7.1+ |
| MUAC, cm | 14.8 ± 1.1 a,b | 15.0 ± 1.1a | 14.8 ± 1.2a,b | 14.6 ± 1.1a,b | 14.9 ± 1.2a | 14.5 ± 1.1b | 14.3 ± 1.0a |
| WAZ | −1.0 ± 1.5a,b | −0.9 ± 1.1a | −1.1 ± 1.0a,b | −1.1 ± 1.1a,b | −0.9 ± 1.2a | −1.3 ± 1.1b | −1.5 ± 1.2b |
| HAZ | −1.7 ± 2.2 | −1.7 ± 1.1 | −2.0 ± 1.4 | −1.8 ± 1.5 | −1.7 ± 1.6 | −1.9 ± 1.3 | −2.2 ± 1.5 |
| WHZ | −0.0 ± 0.9 | 0.1 ± 1.4 | 0.0 ± 0.9 | −0.1 ± 1.0 | 0.1 ± 0.9 | −0.3 ± 1.1 | −0.1 ± 0.1a,b |
Data are presented as means ± SDs, unless otherwise indicated. Different letters indicate statistical significance (P < 0.05); +significant improvement from week 0 to week 20. CSB14, corn-soy blend 14; CSB+, corn-soy blend plus; HAZ, height-for age z score; MUAC, middle-upper arm circumference; RBP, retinol-binding protein; RSC, red sorghum-cowpea; WAZ, weight-for-age z score; WHZ, weight-for-height z score; WSC1, white sorghum-cowpea 1; WSC2, white sorghum-cowpea 2; WSS, sorghum-soy blend.