Table 1. Baseline patients’ characteristics und risk factors.
| Characteristics | Total | Group 1, TR 0–1 | Group 2, TR 2–3 | P value | Group 2a, non-TVR | Group 2b, TVR | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic data | |||||||
| No. of patients | 124 | 88 | 36 | – | 18 | 18 | – |
| Age, years | 63.5±10.9 | 62.9±11.3 | 64.4±9.9 | 0.76 | 64.3±10.1 | 64.7±8.9 | 0.54 |
| Female, n (%) | 22 (17.7) | 13 (14.8) | 9 (25.0) | 0.14 | 5 (27.8) | 9 (50.0) | 0.5 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 27.6±5.1 | 27.3±4.9 | 28.3±5.7 | 0.51 | 27.7±6.3 | 28.9±5.2 | 0.34 |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | |||||||
| Arterial hypertension | 95 (76.6) | 68 (77.3) | 27 (75.0) | 0.48 | 12 (66.7) | 15 (83.3) | 0.22 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 72 (58.1) | 54 (61.4) | 18 (50.0) | 0.17 | 11 (61.1) | 7 (38.9) | 0.16 |
| Smoking history | 60 (48.4) | 48 (54.5) | 12 (33.3) | 0.03 | 5 (27.8) | 7 (38.9) | 0.36 |
| Diabetes | 36 (29.0) | 24 (27.3) | 12 (33.3) | 0.66 | 7 (38.9) | 7 (38.9) | 0.36 |
| Coronary artery disease | 98 (79.0) | 74 (84.1) | 24 (66.7) | 0.08 | 14 (77.8) | 10 (55.6) | 0.21 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 54 (43.5) | 33 (37.5) | 21 (58.3) | 0.03 | 10 (55.6) | 11 (61.1) | 0.5 |
| Stroke | 6 (4.8) | 4 (4.5) | 2 (5.6) | 0.56 | 0 (0) | 5 (27.8) | 0.24 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 17 (13.7) | 10 (11.5) | 7 (19.4) | 0.18 | 2 (11.1) | 5 (27.8) | 0.2 |
| Previous sternotomy | 47 (37.9) | 34 (38.6) | 13 (36.1) | 0.48 | 5 (27.8) | 8(44.4) | 0.24 |
| Pulmonary hypertension | 35 (28.2) | 22 (25.0) | 13 (36.1) | 0.34 | 7 (38.9) | 7 (38.9) | 0.24 |
| Primary diagnosis, n (%) | |||||||
| Ischemic cardiomyopathy | 70 (56.5) | 49 (55.7) | 21 (58.3) | 0.47 | 11 (61.1) | 10 (55.6) | 0.5 |
| Dilated cardiomyopathy | 34 (27.4) | 26 (29.5) | 8 (22.2) | 0.28 | 4 (22.2) | 4 (22.2) | 0.66 |
| Post-cardiotomy shock | 7 (5.6) | 6 (6.8) | 1 (2.8) | 0.34 | 0 (0) | 1 (5.6) | 0.5 |
| Acute myocardial infarction | 4 (3.2) | 3 (3.4) | 1 (2.8) | 0.67 | 0 (0) | 1 (5.6) | 0.5 |
| Toxin-induced cardiomyopathy | 2 (1.6) | 0 (0) | 2 (5.6) | 0.08 | 1 (5.6) | 1 (5.6) | 0.76 |
| Other cardiomyopathy | 7 (5.6) | 4 (4.5) | 3 (8.3) | 0.15 | 2 (11.1) | 1 (5.6) | 0.5 |
| Cardiorespiratory conditions, n (%) | |||||||
| Mechanical ventilation | 34 (27.4) | 29 (33.3) | 5 (13.9) | 0.03 | 2 (11.1) | 3 (16.7) | 0.47 |
| Intraaortic balloon pump | 19 (15.3) | 14 (15.9) | 5 (13.9) | 0.51 | 3 (16.7) | 2 (11.1) | 0.5 |
| Extracorporeal life support | 22 (17.7) | 19 (21.6) | 3 (8.3) | 0.06 | 0 (0) | 3 (16.7) | 0.11 |
| INTERMACS profile, n (%) | |||||||
| 1 | 30 (24.2) | 24 (27.3) | 6 (16.7) | 0.15 | 3 (16.7) | 3 (16.7) | 0.67 |
| 2 | 10 (8.1) | 9 (10.2) | 1 (2.8) | 0.17 | 1 (5.6) | 0 (0) | 0.5 |
| 3 | 27 (21.8) | 16 (18.2) | 11 (30.6) | 0.10 | 5 (27.8) | 6 (33.3) | 0.5 |
| 4 | 49 (39.5) | 32 (36.4) | 17 (47.2) | 0.18 | 9 (50.0) | 8 (44.4) | 0.5 |
| 5 | 8 (6.5) | 7 (8.0) | 1 (2.8) | 0.27 | 0 (0) | 1 (5.6) | 0.5 |
| Device strategy, n (%) | |||||||
| Destination therapy | 69 (55.6) | 44 (50.0) | 25 (69.4) | 0.04 | 13 (72.2) | 12 (66.7) | 0.5 |
| Bridge to candidacy | 7 (5.6) | 5 (5.7) | 2 (5.6) | 0.67 | 0 (0) | 2 (11.1) | 0.24 |
| Rescue therapy | 39 (31.5) | 32 (36.4) | 7 (19.4) | 0.05 | 4 (22.2) | 3 (16.7) | 0.5 |
| Bridge to transplant | 9 (7.3) | 7 (8.0) | 2 (5.6) | 0.49 | 1 (5.6) | 1 (5.6) | 0.76 |
TR, tricuspid regurgitation; TVR, tricuspid valve reconstruction; sPAP, systolic pulmonary artery pressure; INTERMACS, Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support.