Figure 3.

Representative waveforms of arrhythmias in our cohort. (A) Premature contractions (ventricular or atrial). Note that the aortic valve does not open in these short coupled premature contractions. (B,C) Non sustained tachycardia. Both waveforms are from the same patient. Tachycardia cycle length is approximately 390 ms with haemodynamic relevance (note reduced pulsatility). Although ventricular tachycardia is probable, supraventricular tachycardia cannot be ruled out. (D) Atrial fibrillation. Note the irregularly irregular timing of waveform peaks and the beat-to-beat variation in pulsatility, resulting from underlying beat-to-beat changes in ventricular pressure generation characteristic of atrial fibrillation. (E) Same patient one hour later after spontaneous conversion to normal sinus rhythm.